Term
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Definition
| Adenine(A) and Guanine(G) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytosine(C), Thymine(T) and Uracil(U) |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme catalyzed the reaction |
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Term
| Semiconservative Replication |
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Definition
| In which each parent strand serves as a template for a new strand, and the two new DNA molecules each have one old and one new strands |
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Term
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Definition
| In which fragments of the original DNA molecule serve as a template for assembling two new molecules, each containing random segments from both |
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Term
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Definition
| In which the original double helix serves as a template for but does not contribute to s new double helix. Two strands come back together after replication |
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Term
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Definition
| a free(not connected to another nucleotidde) 5' phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| is a free 3' hydroxyl group |
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Term
| Complementary base pairing |
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Definition
| the amount if adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine. As a result, the total abundance of purines equals the total abundance of pyrimidines. Every base pair consists of one purine and one pyrimidine. |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is produced by semiconservativereplication proven by using density gradiet centrifugation |
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Term
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Definition
| ocuurs when the two strands open out, new nucleotides line up opposite the old complementary bases, and DNA polymerase catalyzes their addition to the new strand. |
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Term
| Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) Sliding Clamp |
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Definition
| does more than just keep the DNA polymerase bound to the DNA, it also helps to oriet the polymerase for binding to the substrate. Additionally binds many other proteins to DNA, these proteins aid in replication and repair |
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Term
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Definition
| initates replication bu unwinding |
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Term
| Single strand binding proteins(SSB) |
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Definition
| bind to the unwound strands to keep them from reasociating into a double helix |
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Term
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Definition
| The site whereunwinds to expose the bases so that they can act as templates-opens up as a zipper |
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Term
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Definition
| 3'-5' direction, so new strand is built continously 5'-3' after primer strand is produced |
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Term
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Definition
| 5'-3' direction so new strand must be built in the 3'-5' direction, but DNA polymerase can only sythesize in 5'-3' direction. So the strand is built discontinously in fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects together okazaki fragments by closing last gap between fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| Each okazaki fragment requires its own primer of the previous fragment. Then DNA polymerase III lays down new DNA by adding nucleotides to one primer until it reaches the primer of the previous fragment. At this point DNA polymerase I removes the old primer and replaces it with DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, they have special sequnces that prevent the ends of chromosomes from attaching to one another |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA polymerase mechanism to be able to correct errors in replucation as DNA polymerase makes them |
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Term
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Definition
Mechanism scans DNA immediately after it has been replicate, upon finding a mismatch it recruits other enzymes. These other enzymes cut the DNA strand on both side, removing several nucleotides on either side. DNA polymerase I then fill in the missing
stretch, with DNA ligase closing the last gap |
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Term
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Definition
| Other enzymes search for bases that have been chemicaly modified so they are no longer one of the 4 nucleotides recognized during DNA replication. Upon finding one, they recruit other enzymes to cut the DNA backbone on either side of the damaged base and remove the section of DNA. DNA polymerase I again replaces the missing stretch with DNA ligase closing the last gap |
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Term
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Definition
The one responsible for DNA replication.
It cannot start strands, builts on the RNA primer chain that Primase creates. Can only add new nucleotides one a strand running from 3'-5', not 5'-3', thuse builds the lagging strand in a discontinous fashion using okazaki fragments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Follows Replication Fork, replacing the Primer strand. Corrects errors when found, replacing missing stretch with DNA that has been removed due to error |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of alternating sugar and phosphates |
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Term
| Structure of Nucleic Acids |
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Definition
| pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate DNA backbone composed of alternating sugar and phosphate |
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