Term
| what is reproductive cloning? |
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Definition
| produces an individual exactly like the original |
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Term
true or false:
both plant and animal cloning is prohibited. |
|
Definition
| false- plant cloning is routine; animal cloning is prohibited |
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Term
true or false:
the first animal cloned was a pig named Dolly in 1990. |
|
Definition
| false- the first animal cloned was a sheep named Dolly in 1997 |
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|
Term
| what is therapeutic cloning? |
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Definition
| the desired end is mature cells for specialization and in treating human illnesses |
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Term
| how can therapeutic cloning done? |
|
Definition
via embryonic stem cells and
adult stem cells |
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Term
true or false:
the body contains many cells that differ in structure and function. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
true or false:
activity of every gene accounts for specialization. |
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Definition
| false- activity of selected genes accounts for specialization |
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|
Term
true or false:
housekeeping genes govern functions common to only specific cells. |
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Definition
| false- housekeeping genes govern functions common to all cells. |
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Term
true or false:
only certain genes are active in cells that perform specialized functions. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
true or false:
cancer is a genetic disease. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
true or false:
only one mutation is needed to disrupt redundant regulatory pathways that prevent normal cells from becoming cancerous. |
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Definition
| false- several mutations are needed to disrupt regulatory pathways |
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|
Term
true or false:
it takes several years for cancer to develop. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true or false:
the likelihood of cancer decreases with age. |
|
Definition
| false- the likelihood of cancer increases with age |
|
|
Term
| what mechanisms of gene expression occurs in the nucleus? |
|
Definition
1. chromatin condensation
2. mRNA transcription
3. mRNA processing |
|
|
Term
| what mechanisms of gene expression occur in the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
1. delay of transcription
2. duration of mRNA or protein |
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|
Term
normal cell or cancer cell?:
no contact inhibition |
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Definition
|
|
Term
normal cells or cancer cells?:
controlled growth |
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Definition
|
|
Term
normal cells or cancer cells?:
contain specialized cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
normal cells or cancer cells?:
contain normal chromosomes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
normal cells or cancer cells?:
do not undergo apoptosis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens once tumor suppressor genes become inactive? |
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Definition
| they no longer inhibit cell cycle nor promote apoptosis |
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Term
true or false:
cells that are highly specialized often become cancer cells. |
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Definition
| false- cells that are highly specialized seldom become cancer cells |
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|
Term
true or false:
cancer is more likely to occur in cells enteringnew cell cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is translocation of a chromosome? |
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Definition
| a chromosomal rearrangement where a portion of a chromosome may break off and reattach to another chromosome |
|
|
Term
| what is the problem with translocation? |
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Definition
| may disrupt genes that regulate cell cycle |
|
|
Term
| what is the philadelphia chromosome? |
|
Definition
translocation between chromosomes
9 and 22 |
|
|
Term
| what causes nearly 95% of chronic myelogenous leukemia (bone marrow cancer)? |
|
Definition
| translocation of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| what is the "breast cancer gene?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when was the breast cancer gene first revealed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the second breast cancer gene |
|
|
Term
| BRCA1 and BRCA2 causes breast cancer in what way? |
|
Definition
| both alleles are mutant tumor suppressor genes that have mutated; if both alleles are mutated, then cancer is most likely to occur |
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|
Term
| are the breast cancer genes recessive or dominant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true or false:
if both alleles are present and a mutation occurs in one, then cancer will result. |
|
Definition
| false- if one mutated allele is inherited, a mutation in the other allele is required for the predisposition of cancer to increase |
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