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Chapter 12 Differential analysis
the key to decision making 12/14/17
28
Accounting
Undergraduate 3
12/13/2017

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Term
Special order
Definition
on-time order that is not considered part of the company's normal ongoing busisness
Term
when should special order be accepted
Definition
if the incremental revenue from special order exceeds incremental costs of the order
Term
Differential Cost
Definition
a future cost that differs between any two alternatives
Term
Differential revenue
Definition
future revenue that differs between any two alternatives
Term
Incremental Cost
Definition
an increase in cost between two alternatives
Term
Avoidable Cost
Definition
a cost that can be eliminated by choosing one alternative over another in a decision
Term
Sunk Cost
Definition
a cost that has already been incurred and that cannot be changed by any decision made or in the future
Term
Key Concepts to understand to make decisions
1/6
Definition
define the alternatives
Term
Key Concepts to understand to make decisions
2/6
Definition
Identify the criteria for choosing among them
Term
Key Concepts to understand to make decisions
3/6
Definition
differential analysis, focusing on the future costs and benefits that differ between alternatives
Term
Key Concepts to understand to make decisions
4/6
Definition
sunk cost are never relevant when choosing among alternatives
Term
Key Concepts to understand to make decisions
5/6
Definition
future costs and benefits that do not differ between alternatives are irrelevant to decision making process
Term
Key Concepts to understand to make decisions
6/6
Definition
Opportunity costs also need to be considered when making decisions
Term
Opportunity Cost
Definition
the potential benefit that is given up when one alternative is selected over another
Term
Irrelevant Costs
Definition
future cost sand benefits that do not differ between alternatives
Term
Constraint
Definition
a limitation under which a company must operate, that restricts the company's ability to satisfy demand
Term
Bottleneck
Definition
a machine or some other part of a process that limits the total output of the entire system
Term
1st step to strengthen the chain
Definition
identify the weakest link, the constraint
Term
2nd step to strengthen the chain
Definition
do not strain the weakest link
Term
3rd step to strengthen the chain
Definition
concentrate improvement efforts on strengthening the weakest link
Term
4th step to strengthen the chain
Definition
maintain improvement efforts and identify the new weakest
Term
when constraint exist
Definition
companies need to focus on maximizing the contribution margin per unit of constraint
Term
relaxing the constraint
Definition
when a manager increases the capacity of the bottleneck
Term
Opportunity cost of zero
Definition
idle space that has no alternative
Term
Make or Buy Decision
Definition
a decision concerning whether an item should be produced internally or purchased from an outside supplier
Term
vertical integration
Definition
involvement by a company in more than one of the acts in the entire value chain from development through production
Term
Value Chain
Definition
acts ranging from development to production to after-sales service
Term
Volume Trade-off decisions
Definition
when company cannot meet demand, so must sacrifice production of some products in favor of others to maximize profit
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