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Chapter 12B
The Byzantine Empire and Western Europe to 1000
13
History
Undergraduate 1
11/16/2009

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Term
Saint Boniface
Definition
*Anglo-Saxon missionary
*most important of German Clergy who served Carolingian kings in his way
Term
Papal States
Definition
*Franks defeated Lombards & gave to popes
*territory in central Italy
Term
Charlemagne
Definition
*followed father & became papal protector in Italy
*"king of Lombards"
*universal emperor
Term
manor
Definition
agrarian economy of middle ages was organized & controlled through this
*were village farms owned by a lord
Term
serf
Definition
*status varied-free & unfree
*all owed dues in king to lord of manor
*much discontent; many escaped
Term
three-field system
Definition
*medieval innovation
*increased amount of land under cultivation by leaving only 1/3 fallow in a given year
Term
Treaty of Verdun
Definition
*843; peace finally came
*great Carolingian Empire was partitioned in 3 equal parts
Term
Vikings
Definition
*Scandinavians who visited Europe as traders & raiders
*preserved in sagas filled w/ mythical gods & spirits
Term
Magyars
Definition
*Hungarians
*great horsemen
Term
Feudal Society
Definition
*social, political, military, & economic system in Middle Ages
*essentially mutual rights & responsibilities
Term
lord
Definition
*ruled over domains as mini-kingdoms
*maintained law & order
Term
Vassal
Definition
*created by extensive bestowals of land
*prominent professional military class w/ its own code of knightly conduct
Term
Fealty
Definition
*refrain from action that would threaten lord's well-being
*perform personal services
*limited time
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