Term
|
Definition
| Study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships amoung body parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of how living organisms perform their vital functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All specific functions are performed by specific structures. |
|
|
Term
| Gross anatomy (macroscopic) |
|
Definition
| examination of relatively large structures and features ususually visible with the unaided eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study form and superficial markings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anatomical organization of specific areas of the body, such as the head, neco or trunk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of the structure of organ systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of early develpmental processes during the first two months. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anatomical landmarks important to surgery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anatomical structures seen using specialized imaging techniques. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anatomical features that change during illness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structures that cannot be seen without magnification. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analysis of the internal structure of individual cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of functions of cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the physiology of specific organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all aspects of the functioning of specific organ systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of the effects of diseases on organ or system functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chemical or molecular level.
Atoms form molecules
..........................................
Cellular level
Molecules form organelles, which makes cells.
.........................................
Tissue level
.........................................
Organ level
........................................
Organ system level
.......................................
Organism level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest stable units of matter...form molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smallest living unit in the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stable internal environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The adjustment of physiological systems to perserve homeostasis. |
|
|
Term
| Autoregulation (intrinsic regulation) |
|
Definition
occurs when a cell, a tissue, an organ or an organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to some environmental change.
(Oxygen levels decline in a tissue, the cells release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels. This dilation increases the rate of blood flow and provides more oxygen to the region.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system, two organ systems that control or adjust the activities of many other systems simultaneously. (When you exercise, your nervous system issues commands that increase your heart rate so that blood will circulate faster. Your nervous system also reduces blood flow to less active organs, such as the digestive tract. The oxygen in circulating blood is thus available to the active muscles, where it is needed most. |
|
|
Term
| Nervous system in homeostasis |
|
Definition
Directs rapid, short term and very specific responses
Hand on hot stove, heat produces pain, localized disturbance of homeostatasis, Nervous system responds by ordering the immediate contraction of specific muscles that will pull your hand away from stove. These contractions last only as long as the neural activity continues usually a matter of seconds. |
|
|
Term
| Endocrine system in homeostatsis |
|
Definition
Releases chemical messengers called hormones which affect tissues and organs throughout the body. May not be immediately apparent, but may persist for weeks.
Long term regulation of blood volume and composition, adjustment of organ system function during starvation. |
|
|
Term
| Homeostatic regulatroy mechanisms |
|
Definition
Receptor
..........................................
control center
..........................................
effector |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sensor that is sensitive to a particular environmental change or stimulus.
(internal remote thermometer.) |
|
|
Term
| Control center (integration center) |
|
Definition
receives and processes the information suppplied by the receptor, and which sends out commands to effector.
Thermostat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell or organ that responds to the commands of the the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus.
air conditioner or heater. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Negative feedback
........................................
Positive feedback |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control of body temp.
Relationship between heat loss, which occurs primarily at the body surface, and heat production, which occurs in all active tussues is altered. |
|
|
Term
| Homeostatic control of body temp control center is in the |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation, and it provides long term control over the body's internal conditions and systems. Usually ignores minor variations, and maintains a normal range rather than a fixed value.
If body temp rises above 98.6 F activity in the control center targets two effectors. the uscle tissue in the walls of the blood vessels supplying the skin, and the sweat glands. The muscle tissue relaxes and the blood vessels dialate, increasing blood flow through vessels near the body surface, the sweat glands accelerate their secretion. The skin then acts like a radiator by losing heat tot he environment, and the evaporation of sweat speeds the process. As body temp returns to normal, temp at the hypothalamus declines and the htermoregulatory control center becomes less active. Superficial blood blow and sweat gland activity then secrease to the previous levels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhance the change in the otriginal conditions, rather than opposing it.
.......................................
Positive feedback loop.
blood clotting
child birth |
|
|
Term
State of equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium |
|
Definition
exists when opposing processes or forces are in balance.
.........................................
Physiological systems are continually adapting and adjusting to changeing conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
98.6 f
...........................................
37 C |
|
|
Term
| Where are temp receptors in the body |
|
Definition
In the skin
.........................................
In the hypothalamus. |
|
|
Term
| systems involved in homeostaic regulation |
|
Definition
Integumentary
......................................
Musclular
.......................................
cardiovascular
.........................................
nervous
.........................................
digestive
........................................
urinary
.......................................
respiratory
.......................................
endocrine |
|
|
Term
| Integumentary system in homeostatic regulation |
|
Definition
body temp-heat loss
........................................
body fluid volume-loss of water through perspiration |
|
|
Term
| Musclular system and homeostatic regulation |
|
Definition
| body temp-heat production |
|
|
Term
| Cardiovascular system and homeostatic regulation. |
|
Definition
body temp- heat distribution
......................................
body fluid composition-nutrient distribution.
.......................................
body fluid volume-distribution of water
......................................
waste product concentration-transport of waste products to sites of excretion.
......................................
Blood pressure-pressure generated by the heart moving blood through blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
| Nervous system and homeostatic regulation |
|
Definition
body temp-coordination of blood flow, heat production,a nd heat loss.
.........................................
blood pressure- adjustments in heart rate and blood vessel diameter can raise or lower blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
| Digestive system in homeostatic regulation |
|
Definition
body fluid composition-Nutrient absorption, storage, and release.
........................................
body fluid volume-absorption of water, loss of water in feces. |
|
|
Term
| Urinary system in homeostatic regulation |
|
Definition
body fluid compostition-control of nutrient loss in the urine
.........................................
Body fluid volume-elimination or conservation of water from the blood.
.......................................
waste product concentration-elemination of waste products from the blood. |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system and homeostatic regulation |
|
Definition
| body fluid composition-Absorption of oxygen, elimination of carbon dioxide. |
|
|
Term
| Endocrine system and homeostatic regulation |
|
Definition
| adjustments in heart rate and blood vessel diameter can raise or lower blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
| Main body cavity in front of body |
|
Definition
| Ventral body cavity hods the organs of the respiratory, cardiovasculaqr, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. |
|
|
Term
| What divides the vental body cavity into two parts |
|
Definition
diaphragm
a flat muscular sheet |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the two body cavities that make up the ventral cavity. |
|
Definition
Thoracic cavity
...........................................
abdominopelvic cavity |
|
|
Term
| Name of internal organs that are partially or completely encolsed by cavities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of membrane that lines the walls of the internal cavities and covers the surfaces of the enclosed viscera. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of serous membrane |
|
Definition
| They are moistened by a watery fluid that coats the opposing surface and reduces friction. |
|
|
Term
| The portion of the serous membrane that covers a visceral organ is called. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The portion of a serous membrane that covers the inner surface of the body wall or chamber is called. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the thoracic cavity contains |
|
Definition
| lungs, heart, associated organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and lympatic system, the inferior portions of the esophagus, and the thymus. |
|
|
Term
| The thoracic cavity is subdivided into the left and right what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pleural cavities are separated by the what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each pleural cavity contains what organ. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The serous membrane lining a pleural cavity is called the. |
|
Definition
pleura.
visceral pleura
parietal pleura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of a mass of connective tissue that surrounds, stabilizes and supports the esophagus, trachea, and thymus, as well as the major blood vessels that originate or end at the heart. |
|
|
Term
| Cavity inside the mediastinum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ is inside the pericardial cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Serous membrane of the pericardial cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The abdominal pelvic cavity is subdivided into what two cavities? |
|
Definition
| abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. |
|
|
Term
| The abdominal cavity contains what cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The serous membrane of the peritoneal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The abdominal cavity contains what organs |
|
Definition
| Liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine, most of the large intestine. |
|
|
Term
| The organs that lie between the peritoneal lining and the muscular wall of the abdominal cavity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| organsn that lie between the peritoneal lining and the muscular wall of the abdominal cavity are said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pelvic cavity contains what organs |
|
Definition
| Distal portion of large intestine, urinary bladder, various reproductive organs. |
|
|
Term
| CT, Cat (computerized axial tomography |
|
Definition
an imaging technique that uses x rays to reconstruct the bodys three dimensional structure.
xray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a malfunction of organs or organ systems resulting from a failure of homeostatic regulation. |
|
|
Term
| DSA digital subtraction angiography |
|
Definition
| A technique used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, or kidneys. X rays are taken before and after a radiopaque dye is administered, and a computer subtracts details common to both images. The result is a high contrast image showing distrubution of the dye. |
|
|
Term
| MRI Magnetic resonance imaging |
|
Definition
| An imaging technique that employs a magnetic field and radio waves to protray subtle structural difference. |
|
|
Term
| Pet scan Positron emission tomography |
|
Definition
| An imaging technique that shows the chimical functioning, as well as the structure, of an organ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physician who specializes in performing and analyzing radiological prodcedures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of processing computerized tomography data to provide rapid, three-dimensional images of internal organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An imaging technique that uses brief bursts of high frequency sound waves reflected by internal structures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High energy radiation that can penetrate living tissues. |
|
|
