Term
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Definition
The major personality achievement of adolescence and as a cricual step toward becoming productive, content adult.
- Defining who you are
- What you value
- the directions you choose to pursure your life
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Term
| Erik's Psychological Conflict being adolescence |
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Definition
Identity Vs. Role Confusion
(They may appear shallow, directionless, and unprepared for the challanges of adult life if society limits their choices or early conflicts have been resolved negatively) |
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Term
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Definition
| A temporary period of distress as they experiment with alternatives before settling on values and goals |
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Term
Identity Achievement
(Marcia) |
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Definition
Having already explored alternatives, identity-achievement individuals are committed to a clearly formulated set of self-chosen values and goals. They feel a sense of psychological well-being of sameness through time, and of knowing where they are going |
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Term
Idenitity Moratorium
(Marcia) |
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Definition
| Moratorium means "delay or holding pattern". These individuals have no yet made definite commitments. They are in the procress of exploring--gathering information and trying out activties, with the desire to find values and goals to guifde their lives. |
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Term
Identity Forclosure
(Marcia) |
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Definition
| Identity-foreclosed individuals have committed themselves to values and goals without exploring alternatives. They accept a ready-made identity chosen for them authority figures-- usually parents but sometimes teachers, religious leaders, or romantic partners |
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Term
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Definition
| Identity-diffused individuals lack clear directio. They are not committed to values and goals, nor are they actively trying to reach them. They may never have explored alternatives or may have found the task too threating and overwhelming. |
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Term
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Understanding
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Definition
1. The Preconventional Level
2. The Conventional Level
3. The Postconventional or Principled Level |
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Term
The Preconventional Level
--2 stages--
(Kohlberg) |
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Definition
Stage 1: The punishment and obedience orientation [children at this stage find it difficult to consider two points of view in a moral dilemma]
Stage 2: The instrument purpose orientation [children become aware that people can have different persepectives in a moral dilemma] |
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Term
The Conventional Level
--2 stages--
(Kolberg)
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Definition
Stage 3: The "good boy-good girl" orientation, or the morality of interpersonal cooperation [The desire to obey rules bc they promote social harmony first appears in the context of close personal ties]
Stage 4: The social-order-maintaining orientation [The individual takes into account a larger perspective that of social laws] |
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Term
The Postconventional and Principled Level
--Stages 2--
Kohlberg |
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Definition
Stage 5: The social sontract orientation [indivduals regard laws and rules as flexible instruments for furthering human purpose]
Stage 6: The universal ethical principle orientation [right action is defined as self-chosen ethical prinicples of consceince that are valid for all people, regardless of law and social agreement] |
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Term
The Preconventional Level
(Kohlberg) |
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Definition
| Children accept the rules of authority figures and judge actions by theur consequences. Behaviors that result in punishment are viewed as bad, those that lead to rewards as good. |
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Term
The Conventional Level
(Kohlberg) |
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Definition
| Individuals continue to regard conformity to social roles as important, but not for reason of self0interest. Rather, they beleive that actively maintaining the current social system enures positive relationships and socialital order |
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Term
The Postconventional or Principled Level
(Kohlberg) |
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Definition
| Moved beyond unquestioning support for their own society's rules and laws. They define morality in terms of abstract principles and valutes that apply to all situations and societies |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which morality is central self-concept |
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Term
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Definition
Increased gender sterotyping of attitudes and behavior; and a movement toward a more traditional gender indentity which is typically associated with adolescence.
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Term
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Definition
| A sense of one-self as separate, self-governing individual-- becomes a salient task during adolescence |
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Term
Autonomy
(2 virtal aspects) |
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Definition
1.Emotional component--relying more on onself and less on parents for support and guidence
2. Behavioral component-- making decisions independently by carefully weighting one's own judgement and suggestions of others |
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Term
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Definition
| Groups of 5 to 7 members who are friends and therefore usually resemeble one another in family backgroups, attitdues, and vaules |
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Term
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Definition
| Several cliques with similar values form a larger, more loosely organzied group |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological distress resulting from conflict between the minority and the host culture |
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Term
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Definition
| A sense of ethnic group mmebership and attitutes and feelings associated with the membership |
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Term
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Definition
| By exploring and adopting values from both the adolsecent's subculture and the dominant culture |
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Term
| Gilligan's disagreement with Kolhberg's morality theory |
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Definition
| Gilligan believes that Kolhberg did not adquetely represent morality for girls and women; she believes that feminine morality emphaszies an "ethic of care". |
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