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Definition
| the belief that white people are superior to those of all other races, esp. the black race, and should therefore dominate society. |
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| subconscious, unintentional behavior, most common, biases, perceive self as moral, sense of whiteness |
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| ack of social consciousness, early childhood |
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| democratic ideal- everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed in a free society and that those who fail must bear the responsibility for their failure. Can last a lifetime. Victim blaming. Oppression denied. |
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Definition
| continue to deny racism until they crumble. Stereotypes are shattered- friends w/ minorities, white sees pervasiveness of oppression & may develop negative reaction towards own race/ culture. |
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| Asking who one is in relation to one’s racial heritage, honestly confronting one’s biases and prejudices, and accepting responsibility for one’s Whiteness |
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| result of forming a new social and personal identity. The individual accepts responsibility for effecting personal and social change without relying on person of color to lead the way. |
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| people in this status are oblivious to and unaware of racism, believe that everyone has an equal chance for success, lack an understanding of prejudice and discrimination, have minimal experiences with persons of color, and may profess to be color-blind. |
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Definition
| conflicts between loyalty to one’s group and humanistic ideals may manifest themselves in various ways. Avoid contact and thoughts of/ with colored people. |
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| regression, (dominant ideology), minorities are blamed for their own problems |
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| Pseudo-independence status |
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Definition
| defining nonracist white identity, |
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| Immersion/emersion status |
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Definition
| Personal meaning of racism & white privilege a. shift focus & b. increase understanding. Relive/ experience previous emotions denied/ distorted-> rebirth→new nonracist identity |
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Definition
| increasing awareness of one’s own Whiteness, reduced feelings of guilt, acceptance of one’s role in perpetuating racism, and renewed determination to abandon White entitlement lead to an autonomy status. Can explore issues of racism and personal responsibility without defensiveness. “Walk the talk”. Actively seeks out interracial experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| person’s attitudes and beliefs in this phase are very ethnocentric. White person possesses limited accurate knowledge of other ethnic groups. Helping professional professes color-blindness, views counseling/ therapy theories as universally applicable. |
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Term
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Definition
| movement into the dissonance phase occurs when the White person is forced to deal with the inconsistencies that have been compartmentalized or encounters information/ experiences at odds with denial. Personal experiences bring the individual face-to-face with his/ her own prejudices and biases. Rationalizations. |
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Term
| Resistance and immersion stage (phase) |
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Definition
| question and challenge his/ her own racism. Guilt also felt for having been part of the oppressive system. Racial self-hatred. May want to protect minorities from abuse. [Moves back into conformity or into introspective phase]. |
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Term
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Definition
| compromise of having swung from an extreme of unconditional acceptance of White identity to a rejection of Whiteness. Reformulation of what it means to be White. Seek to redefine their own identity and that of their social group. |
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Term
| Integrative awareness stage |
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Definition
| a. understand self as a racial/ cultural being, b. being aware of sociopolitical influences regarding racism, c. appreciating racial/ cultural diversity, and d. becoming more committed toward eradicating oppression. Formation of a nonracist White Euro-American identity emerges and becomes internalized. Person values multiculturalism. |
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Term
| Social justice counseling |
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Definition
| active philosophy & approach aimed at producing conditions that allow for equal access and opportunity, reducing disparities in education, health care, employment and other areas |
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