Term
|
Definition
GAL 3, 4 & 80 involved in expression of enzyme gene to digest galactose (transcription factors)
Gal 4: sequence specific DNA-binding protein; 1 domain for DNA binding and the other domain for activating transcription
Gal4 binding to upstream activator sequences (UAS) controls four genes involved in the metabolism of galactose
(the GAL system) in yeast
ONLY ACTIVE IN THE PRESENCE OF GALACTOSE
if galactose is present - binds to Gal3 which then binds to Gal80 - comes off activation domain |
|
|
Term
| promoter proximal elements |
|
Definition
| DNA sequences near the promoter of a gene (bound by transcription factors) - where RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind |
|
|
Term
| upstream activation sequence (UAS) |
|
Definition
| enhancers located upstream of the genes they regulate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where transcription factors bind to enhance transcription levels of genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| level of expression easily measured - linked to the regulatory sequences that govern the expression of the gene being investigated |
|
|
Term
| Repression of Gal 1 in the presence of glucose |
|
Definition
Mig 1 binds
Tup 1 binds = HDAC -> turns gene off |
|
|
Term
| regulation of yeast mating types |
|
Definition
MCM activates a genes
MCM + alpha-1 activates alpha genes
MCM + alpha-2 deactivates a-genes (recruits TUP 1)
a-1 and alpha-2 genes turn off haploid gene in diploid
a and alpha cells mate -> cell arrest of both participants is necessary for successful mating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
8 histones that DNA is wrapped around in a nucleosome
(can alter chromatin structure by moving the histone octamer along the DNA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basic unit of DNA packaging, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around 8 histone protein cores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the changeing of nucleosome position |
|
|
Term
| β-interferon gene regulation |
|
Definition
made in WBCs - encodes antiviral protein interferon
-transcription factors assemble into enhanceosome upstream of TATA box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moves (pushes out of the way) nucleosome that is covering TATA sequences (acting as a co-activator) |
|
|
Term
| enhancer blocking insulator |
|
Definition
| prevents enhancers from activating neighbor genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heritable changes in gene expression or phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the DNA sequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when H19 from mother is expressed: insulator protein CTCF prevents activation of Igf2
when Igf2 from father is expressed: methylation of the DNA spilling over H19 promoter region stops H19 from being transcribed
(genomic imprinting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes can be expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
makes amount of most gene products from the two copies of the X chromosome in females equivalent to the single does of the X chromosome in males
-one X chromosome in females is permanently turned off -> heterochromatin -> Barr Body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| X chromosome is heavily methylated - whole chromosome is inactive (example of epigenetic inheritance) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cloning of animals from a differentiated adult cell is difficult because all the epigenetic signals must be stripped away to enable the re-establishment of the correct epigenetic signals for all cell types
Dolly: donor cell taken from sheep udder -> fused with an egg cell with no nucleus by electric shock -> fused cell beings dividing normally -> embryo placed in uterus of foster mother -> dolly is born |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recruits HDAC, represses gene transcription (co-repressor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alpha1 and alpha2 proteins made |
|
|
