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chapter 12
DNA structure and function
20
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/23/2008

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Term
what DNA stands for
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid
Term
discovered DNA
Definition
Johann Miescher
Term
bacteriophages
Definition
infectious particles that contain information on how to build new virus particles
Term
what nucleotides consist of
Definition
five carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base
Term
nitrogen-containing bases of DNA
Definition
adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
Term
double-ringed
Definition
purines
Term
single-ringed
Definition
pyrimidines
Term
adenine (purine or pyrimidine?)
Definition
purine
Term
cytosine
Definition
pyrimidine
Term
thymine
Definition
pyrimidine
Term
guanine
Definition
purine
Term
purpose of x-ray diffraction images
Definition
to capture the locations of molecules on film (by scattering their x-rays)
Term
adenine pairs with
Definition
thymine
Term
guanine pairs with
Definition
cytosine
Term
thymine pairs with
Definition
adenine
Term
cytosine pairs with
Definition
guanine
Term
semiconservative replication
Definition
where enzymes break the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides, causing one strand of the double-helix to unwind and expose its bases to pair with a new strand; the parent strand is conserved
Term
DNA polymerases
Definition
type of enzyme that attach nucleotides to the unzipped, exposed strand
Term
parent template
Definition
the nucleotide pattern on the unzipped, exposed strand of DNA
Term
DNA ligases
Definition
fill in gaps between the new short stretches of nucleotides to form one continuous strand
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