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| An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
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| Very influential psychologist, started psychoanalysis |
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| View personality with a focus on the unconcious and the inportance of childhood experinces (Jung, Adler, Horney) |
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| Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to uncouncious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconcious tensions |
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| According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemperory psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware |
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| In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconcious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarassing |
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| A reservoir of uncouncious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification |
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| The largely concious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realisitically bring pleasure rather than pain |
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| The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the concience) and for future aspirations |
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| The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones |
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| (0-18 months) Pleasure centers on the mouth - sucking, biting, chewing |
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| (18-36 Months) Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control |
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| (3-6 Years) Pleasure zone is in the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings |
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| (6-Puberty) A phase of dormant sexual feelings |
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| (Puberty on) Maturation of sexual interests |
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| According to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for his rival father |
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| The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos |
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| According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in whcih conflicts were unresolved |
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| In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconciously distorting reality |
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| In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories |
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| Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated |
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| Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites |
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| Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others |
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| Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconcious reasons for one's actions |
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| Shifting sexual or aggressive impluses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person |
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| Refusing to believe or even percieve painful realities |
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| Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history |
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| A personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics |
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| The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Herman Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner felings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots |
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| View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth (Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow) |
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| According to Abraham Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basical physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential |
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| Unconditional Positive Regard |
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| According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person |
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| All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question "Who am I?" |
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| A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports (Allport, Eysenck, McCrae, Costa) |
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| A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits |
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| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
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| The most widely researched and clinically used of all peronality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, now is used for many other purposes as well |
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| A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups |
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| Social-cognitive perspective |
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| Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context (Bandura) |
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| The interacting influences of behavior, internal congnition, and environment |
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| In contemperory psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts and feelings and actions |
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| Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our apearance, performance, and blunders |
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| One's feelings of high or low self-worth |
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| One's sense of competence and effectiveness |
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| A readiness to percieve oneself favorably |
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| Excessive self-love and self-absorption |
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| Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications |
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| Giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly |
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