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Chapter 12
econ
23
Economics
Undergraduate 2
04/26/2013

Additional Economics Flashcards

 


 

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Term
National income and product accounts (NIPA)
Definition
the national accounts that measure the overall production and income of the economy for the nation as a whole
Term
Gross Domestic Product
Definition
the total market value of all final goods and services produced annually within the borders of the united states, whether by U.S. or by foreign-supplied resources
Term
Intermediate goods
Definition
products that are purchased for resale or further processing or manufacturing
Term
Final goods
Definition
products, capital goods, and services that have been purchased for final use and not for resale or further processing or manufacturing
Term
Personal consumption expenditures (C)
Definition
expenditures by households for durable goods, non-durable goods, and services
Term
Gross private domestic investment (I)
Definition
expenditures for newly produced capital goods (such as plant and equipment) and for additions to inventories
Term
Government purchases (G)
Definition
government expenditures on final goods, services, and publicly owned capital
Term
Net exports (X)
Definition
exports minus imports
Term
Nominal GDP
Definition
gross domestic product measured in terms of the price level at the time of measurement (i.e. GDP that is unadjusted for inflation)
Term
Real GDP
Definition
gross domestic product measured in terms of the price level in a base period (i.e. GDP that is adjusted for inflation
Term
Economic growth
Definition
the expansion of real GDP (or real GDP per capita) over time
Term
Real GDP per capita
Definition
real output divided by population
Term
Labor Productivity
Definition
real output per hour of work
Term
Labor-force participation rate
Definition
the percentage of the working-age population actually in the labor force
Term
Growth accounting
Definition
the bookkeeping of the supply-side elements that contribute to changes in real GDP
Term
Infrastructure
Definition
public and private capital goods that buttress and economy's production capacity (for example, highways, bridges, airports, public transit systems, wastewater treatment facilities, educational facilities, and telecommunications systems that complement private capital)
Term
Human capital
Definition
the knowledge and skills that make a worker productive
Term
Economies of scale
Definition
reductions in per-unit production casts that result from increases in the size of markets and firms
Term
Information technology
Definition
new and more efficient methods of delivering and receiving information through use of computers, fax machines, wireless phones, and the internet
Term
Start-up firms
Definition
new firms focused on creating and introducing particular new products or employing specific new production or distribution methods
Term
Increasing returns
Definition
a firms output increased by a larger percentage than the increase in its inputs
Term
Network effects
Definition
increases in the value of a product to each user, including existing users, as the total number of users rises
Term
Learning by doing
Definition
achieving greater productivity and lower average total costs through gains in knowledge and skill that accompany repetition of a task
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