Term
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Definition
| oral cavity forming the beginning of the digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
| structures of the jaws for biting and masticating food |
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Term
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Definition
| chief organ of taste; aids in mastication, swallowing, and speech |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the saliva; glands in the mouth that secrete saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| the throat; the membranous cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth and before the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous passage extending from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| union of two surfaces normally separate; also, any fibrous gland that connects them. Surgery within the abdomen may result in adhesions from scar tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| oral cavity forming the beginning of the digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
| structures of the jaws for biting and masticating food |
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Term
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Definition
| chief organ of taste; aids in mastication, swallowing, and speech |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the saliva; glands in the mouth that secrete saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| the throat; the membranous cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth and before the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous passage extending from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| union of two surfaces normally separate; also, any fibrous gland that connects them. Surgery within the abdomen may result in adhesions from scar tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| oral cavity forming the beginning of the digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
| structures of the jaws for biting and mastication food |
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Term
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Definition
| chief organ of taste; aids in mastication, swallowing, and speech |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the saliva; glands in the mouth that secrete saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| the throat; the membranous cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth and before the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous passage extending from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| the musculomembranous expansion of the digestive tract between the esophagus and duodenum, consisting of the cardiac part, a fundus, a body, and a pyloric part |
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Term
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Definition
| the first portion of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the small intestine from the duodenum to the ileum |
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Term
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Definition
| last portion of the small intestine, from jejunum to cecum |
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Term
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Definition
| a large, elongated gland situated transversely behind the stomach. Externally, it secretes digestive enzymes into the common duct. Internally, its beta cells secrete insulin and glucagon. The alpha, beta, and delta cells of the pancreas, form aggregates, called islets of Langerhans |
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Term
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Definition
| the large, dark red gland in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side, just beneath the diaphragm. Its functions include storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, conversion of sugars into glycogen, and many other metabolic activities |
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Term
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Definition
| the pear-shaped reservoir for bile, behind the liver; stores and concentrates bile |
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Term
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Definition
| the first part of the large intestine, a dilated pouch |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the colon from the cecum to the hepatic flexure |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the large intestine passing transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, between the hepatic and splenic flexure |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the colon from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the large intestine between descending colon and rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| the last portion of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| opening of the rectum on the body surface |
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Term
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Definition
| union of two surfaces normally separate; also, any fibrous gland that connects them. Surgery within the abdomen may result in adhesions from scar tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, interfering with personal health and economy; an addiction. Although this disease affects the entire body, the liver is the organ most involved |
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Term
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Definition
| lack or loss of appetite for food; a psycho-physiologic condition characterized by symptoms of undernutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the appendix, which may rupture |
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Term
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Definition
| audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis. They are rumbling, gurgling, and tinkling noises heard when listening with a stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| an extremely severe type of food poisoning caused by a neurotoxin (botulin) produced by Clostridium botulinum in improperly canned or preserved foods; can be fatal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| damage to the lining of the small intestine caused by the inability to digest gluten found in wheat, resulting in malabsorption of nutrients and malnutrition, if untreated |
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Term
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Definition
| gallstones, hardened cholesterol stones formed from bile crystallization |
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Term
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Definition
| intestinal inflammation of an organ, particularly the liver; loss of normal architecture, with fibrosis and nodular regeneration |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital fissure or split of the lip (cleft lip) or roof of the mouth (cleft palate) |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the colon, ulcerative or spastic |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of a crypt, especially the anal crypt |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the diverticula, the pouches that form in the walls of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stools; most commonly associated with bacterial or parasitic infection |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| material expelled from the stomach during vomiting; vomitus |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital absence of the opening between esophagus and stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| enlarged, incompetent veins in the distal esophagus, usually caused by portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| hernia into the femoral canal |
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Term
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Definition
| a blend or fold; as the hepatic flexure of the colon (near the liver) |
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Term
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Definition
| peptic or duodenal tissue inflammation of the stomach or intestinal linings, with pain and sometimes bleeding from perforation |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach lining; a common stomach disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach and intestine caused by ingested harmful bacterial toxin, with acute nausea and vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea |
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Term
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| flow of gastric acid contents back up into the esophagus causing heartburn and, if chronic, esophagitis |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the liver; may be type A, type B, or type C; types D and E have now also been identified |
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Term
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Definition
| protrusion of a portion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening; there are many |
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Term
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Definition
| protrusion of any structure through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital megacolon due to absence of autonomic ganglia in a segment of smooth muscle that normally stimulates peristalsis |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of being impacted. A collection of hardened feces in the rectum or sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
| hernia into the into the inguinal canal; may be direct or indirect |
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Term
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Definition
| prolapse of a part of the intestine into the lumen of an immediately adjacent part |
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Term
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)or Spastic Colon |
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Definition
| increased motility of the small or large intestine causing nausea, pain, anorexia, and trapping of gas throughout the intestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal black, tarry stool containing digested blood |
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Term
| Nausea and Vomiting (N&V) |
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Definition
| common symptoms in many GI disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| Body mass Index (BMI) of greater than or equal to 30 using the formula: weight (kg) divided by height squared (m^2) |
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Term
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Definition
| precancerous lesion in the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the peritoneal cavity; may be due to chemical irritation or bacterial invasion |
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Term
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Definition
| a congenital inability to metabolize phenylalanine, a component of protein; may lead to retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of numerous polyps (growth hanging from a thin stalk) |
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Term
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Definition
| an obstruction of the pyloric orifice of the stomach, congenital or acquired |
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Term
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Definition
| hernia of the rectum through the vaginal floor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a local defect of the surface of an organ or tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| protrusion of the abdominal contents through the abdominal wall at the umbilicus |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical formation of a connection between two parts; ileorectal anastomosis connects |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| removal of tissue for microscopic diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| a shunt, e.g., a surgically created pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of a lip defect |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical formation of an opening into the duodenum that connects it with the common bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical creation of an opening (stoma) between the colon and the body surface |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of the stomach, may be partial or subtotal |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical creation of an opening into the ileum with a stoma on the abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical creation of an opening into the ileum with a stoma on the abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| incision through any part of the abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| connection the portal vein and inferior vena cava to bypass a cirrhotic liver |
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Term
| Stomach Stapling (Gastric Bypass) |
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Definition
| part of the stomach stapled to permit passage of a small amount of food, used to treat gross obesity |
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Term
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Definition
| cutting the vagus nerve to reduce stomach stimulation, used to treat an ulcer |
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Term
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Definition
| also called upper GI series; the oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium to view the esophagus by x-ray, while swallowing, to detect abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
| removal and examination, usually microscopic, of tissue from the living body, performed for diagnosis |
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Term
| Blood Tests or Laboratory Tests |
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Definition
| chemical analyses of various substance in the blood to make diagnoses. Some tests evaluate electrolytes, albumin and bilirubin levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol, total protein, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray examination of the bile ducts, using a radiopaque dye as a contrast medium |
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Term
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Definition
| endoscopic examination of the colon, either transabdominally during laparotomy, or transanally by means of a colonoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| insertion of the glove finger into the rectum or vagina |
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Term
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) |
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Definition
| using endoscopes to examine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| an x-ray film of the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| radiological technique to examine the function of an organ |
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Term
| Gastrointestinal Series (GIs) |
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Definition
| an examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract using barium as the contrast medium for a series of x-ray films; also called a barium meal |
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Term
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Definition
| inspection of the stomach's interior wit ha gastroscope |
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Term
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| noninvasive scanning to visualize fluid, and soft and bone tissue; very precise and accurate |
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Term
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Definition
| inspection of the sigmoid and rectum with a proctoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| an image produced using a moving detector or a sweeping beam of radiation, as in scintiscanning, B-mode ultrasonography, scanography, or CAT (computerized axial tomography) |
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Term
| Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase (SGOT) |
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Definition
| an enzyme in high concentration in liver cells; high amounts in the blood indicate disease of liver cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a small stool sample for laboratory study, e.g., occult blood, parasites |
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Term
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Definition
| using ultrasound to obtain a visual record of any organ |
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Term
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Definition
| the uptake from the intestine of fluids, solutes, proteins, fats, and other nutrients into the intestinal wall cells, blood, lymph, or body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| building up using nutrients (proteins) for growth and development |
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Term
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Definition
| burning nutrients: breakdown in presence of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| primary (baby) teeth replaced by permanent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the act of converting food and fluids into chemical substances that can be absorbed and assimilated |
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Term
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Definition
| excreting solid waste (feces) |
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Term
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Definition
| thin leaf-shaped structure posterior to root of tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| excreting body solid and liquid waste (feces and urine) |
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Term
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Definition
| front teeth used for biting, tearing |
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Term
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Definition
| taking food, liquids, drugs, etc., by mouth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| crushing and grinding teeth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small rough elevations on tongue and roof of mouth; contain taste buds |
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Term
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Definition
| group of inflammatory gum disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular movement of food and liquid through the GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| wide, short tube, commonly called the windpipe. Starts below larynx and enters thoracic cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| small cone-shaped tissue hanging from soft palate of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased mobility of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus, along with constriction of the muscle between the esophagus and stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
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Term
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Definition
| generalized massive edema |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal accumulation of (edematous) fluid within the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| severe malnutrition and wasting, emaciation |
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Term
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Definition
| tooth decay formed from microorganisms maintained in the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| introduction of fluid into the rectum to promote evacuation of feces or to administer nutrient or medicinal substances |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease of the intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein produced in a cell capable of facilitation a specific biologic or chemical reaction. Enzymes perform this function without being destroyed or altered |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal passage between two internal organs, or leading to the body surface |
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Term
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Definition
| substances containing antibodies; they provide passive immunity in some people against certain infectious diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| forced feeding, especially through a tube passed into the stomach; common for premature infants, the unconscious, and the critically ill |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an intravenous feeding program similar to total perenteral nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| washing out an organ, e.g., the stomach or bowel |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the tongue; sublingual means "under the tongue" |
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Term
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Definition
| a soft flexible tube introduced through the nose into the stomach for gavage, lavage, or suction |
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Term
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Definition
| no food or fluid by mouth or other body orifice (os means any body orifice) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| membrane lining abdominal walls and pelvis, cavities, and investing the contained viscera, the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| "mouth"; an artificially created opening (e.g., in colostomy) on the surface of the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| fungal infection of the mouth caused by Candida albicans resulting in painful creamy white raised patches of the tongue and oral mucosa |
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Term
| Total Parenteral Nutrition |
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Definition
| intensive intravenous feeding most often introduced through a subclavian vein |
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Term
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Definition
| a large interior organ in a body cavity, especially the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| loop of bowel twisting on itself resulting in bowel obstruction |
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