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Chapter 12
History of Life on Earth
21
Biology
9th Grade
04/16/2008

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Term
Radiometric dating
Definition
The estimation of the age of an object by measuring its content radioactive isotopes.
Term
Isotope
Definition

A form of an element whose atomic mass (the massof each individual atom) differs from that of other atoms of the same element.

Term
radioisotopes or radioactive isotopes
Definition
Are unstable isotopes that break down and give off energy in the form of charged particles (radiation).
Term
radioactive decay
Definition
(breakdown) results in other isotopes that are smaller and more stable.
Term
 (radioisotopes) half-life
Definition
the time it takes for  one-half of a given amount of radioisotope to decay.
Term
microspheres
Definition
short chains of amino acids can gather into tiny droplets.
Term
coacervate
Definition
is composed of molecules of different types, including linked amino acids and sugars.
Term
fossil
Definition
is the preserved or mineralized remains (bone, tooth, or shell) or imprint of an organism that lived long ago. 
Term
cyanobacteria
Definition
are photosynthetic prokaryotes.
Term
eubacteria
Definition
are prokaryotes that cotain a chemical called peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Also includes many bacteria that cause diseaes and decay.
Term
archaebacteria
Definition
are prokaryotes that lack peptioglycan in their cell walls and have unique lipids in their cell membranes.
Term
choloroplasts
Definition
which carry out photosynthesis, are found only in protists and plants.
Term
endosymbiosis
Definition
a mutually benefical relationship in which one organism lives within another.
Term
protists
Definition
an organism that belongs to the kingdom Protista.
Term
extinction
Definition
is the death of all members of a species.
Term
mass extinction
Definition
is an episode during which large numbers of species becomes extinct.
Term
mycorrhizae
Definition
are symbiotic associations between fungi and the roots of plants.
Term
mutualism
Definition
is a relationship between two species in which both species benefit.
Term
arthroped
Definition

is a kind of abimal with a hard outer skeleton, a segmented body, and paired, jointed limbs.

(lobsters, crabs, insects and spiders)

Term
vertebrate
Definition
is an animal with a backbone ( most familiar to us)
Term
continental drift
Definition
is movement of Earths land masses over Earths surface through geologic time.
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