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| cell's total hereditary endowment of DNA |
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| all body cells except the reproductive cells |
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| replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis and meiosis II |
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| chromosome's narrow "waist" |
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| variation of cell division, producing gametes |
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| includes both mitosis and cytokinesis; shortest part of the cell cycle |
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| accounts for 90% of the cycle; cell grows and copies it's chromosome in preparation for cell division |
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| first growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase befor DNA synthesis begins |
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| synthesis phase of the cell cycle, constituting the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated |
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| second growth phase of the cell cycle |
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| the first phase of mitosis or of one of the divisions of meiosis. During this phase the chromosomes condense and become visible. |
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| The stage of mitosis or meiosis in which the nuclear membrane disintegrates, the centrioles reach the poles of the cell, and the chromosomes continue to contract. |
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| The stage of mitosis and meiosis, following prophase and preceding anaphase, during which the chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate. |
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| The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the nuclear spindle. |
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| The final stage of mitosis or meiosis during which the chromosomes of daughter cells are grouped in new nuclei. |
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| consisting of microtubules, some of which become attached to each chromosome at its centromere and provide the mechanism for chromosomal movement |
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| structue of proteins and specific sections of chromosomal DNA at the centromere |
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| plane that's between the two poles of the dividing cell |
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| groove intehe cell's surface |
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| double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis |
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| cell division used by prokaryotes |
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| cell-cycle control system |
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| cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle |
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| critical control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle |
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| nondividing state that occurs if not approved by G1 checkpoint |
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| protein; cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell |
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| cyclin-dependant kinases (Cdks) |
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| protein released by certain body cells that stimulates other cells to divide |
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| density-dependent inhibition |
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| any factor influencing population regulation that has a greater impact as population density increases |
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| to divide, animal cells must be attached to a substratum |
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| mass of abnormal cells within an otherwise normal tissue |
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| abnormal cells that remain at the original site |
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| invasive tumor that impairs the functions of one or more organs |
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| spread of cancer cells beyond their original site |
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