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| stable tendencies within individuals that influence how they respond to their environments |
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| relatively enduring predisposition that influences our behavior across many situations |
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| the assumption that all psychological events have a cause |
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| reservoir of our most primitive impulses |
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| psyche's executive and principal decision maker |
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| unconscious maneuver intended to minimize anxiety |
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| motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories or impulses |
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| motivated forgetting of distressing external experiences |
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| the act of returning psychologically to a younger, and typically simpler and safer, age |
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| psychosexual stage that focuses on the mouth |
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| psychosexual stage that focuses on toilet training |
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| psychosexual stage that focuses on the genitals |
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| conflict during the phallic stage in which boys supposedly love their mothers romantically and ant to eliminate their fathers as rivls |
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| conflict during the phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals |
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| psychosexual stage in which sexual impulses are submerged into the unconscious |
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| psychosexual stage in which sexual impulses awaken and typically begin to mature into romantic attraction toward others |
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| theories derived from Freud's model but that place less emphasis on sexuality as a driving force in personality and are more optimistic regarding the prospects for long-term personality growth |
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| feelings of low self-esteem that can lead to overcompensation for such feelings |
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| according to Jung, our shared storehouse of memories that ancestors have passed down to us across generations |
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| cross-culturally universal emotional symbols |
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| social learning theorists |
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| theorists who emphasized thinking as a cause of personality |
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| extent to which people believe that reinforcers and punishers lie inside or outside of their control |
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| drive to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent |
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| according to Rogers, expectations we place on ourselves for appropriate and inappropriate behavior |
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| statistical technique that analyzes the correlations among responses on personality inventories and other measures |
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| five traits that have surfaced repeatedly in factor analyses of personality measures |
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| structured personality test |
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| paper-and-pencil test consisting of questions that respondents answer in one of a few fixed ways |
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| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPI |
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| widely used structured test designed to assess symptoms of mental disorders |
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| empirical (or data-based) method of test construction |
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| approach to building tests in which researchers begin with two or more criterion groups and examine which items best distinguish them |
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| extent to which respondents can tell what the items are measuring |
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| rational/theoretical method of test construction |
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| approach to building tests that requires test developers to begin with a clear-cut conceptualization of a trait and then write items to assess that conceptualization |
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| test consisting of ambiguous stimuli that examines must interpret or make sense of |
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| hypothesis that, in the process of interpreting ambiguous stimuli, examinees project aspects of their personality onto the stimulus |
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| hypothesis that, in the process of interpreting ambiguous stimuli, examinees project aspects of their personality onto the stimulus |
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| projective test consisting of ten symmetrical inkblots |
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| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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| projective test requiring examinees to tell a story in response to ambiguous pictures |
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