Term
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Definition
| Actions of behaviors that are intended to benefit another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The motive to pursue some sort of personal benefit through targeted behavior. |
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Term
| Empathy-altruism hypothesis |
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Definition
| The view, borne out by Batson's (1991) findings, that empathy for another person leads to a greater likelihood of helping that person. |
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Term
| Forgiveness (as defined by Thompson and colleagues) |
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Definition
| A freeing from a negative attachment to the source of the transgression. This definition of forgiveness allows the target of forgiveness to be oneself, another person, or a situation. |
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Term
| Forgiveness (as defined by McCullough and colleagues) |
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Definition
| An increase in prosocial motivation such that there is less desire to avoid or seek revenge against the transgressor and an increase desire to act positively toward the transgressing person. This theory of forgiveness is applicable only when another person is the target of transgression. |
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Term
| Forgiveness (as defined by Enright and colleagues) |
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Definition
| The willingness to give up the resentment, negative judgement, and indifference toward the transgressor and to give undeserved compassion, generousity, and benevolence to him or her. Enright and colleagues also limit their definition of forgiveness to people and do not include situations. |
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Term
| Forgiveness (as defined by Tangney and colleagues) |
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Definition
| A process involving (1)Cognitive-affective transformation following a transgression in which (2) the victim makes a realistic assessment of the harm done and acknowledges the perpetrator's responsibility, but (3) freely chooses to "cancel the debt," giving up the need for revenge or deserved punishments and any quest for restitution. This "canceling of the debt" also involves (4) "a cancellation of negative emotion" directly related to the transgression. In particular, in forgiving, the victim overcomes his or her feelings of resentment and anger for the act. In short, by forgiving, the harmed individual (5) essentially removes himself or herself from the victim role" (Tangney et al.,1999, p.2) |
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Term
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Definition
| Being thankful for and appreciating the actions of another. Gratitude emerges upon recognizing that one has received a positive outcome from another person who behaved in a manner that was costly to him or her, valuable to the recipient, and intentionally rendered. |
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