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| electroencephalogram, electroencephalography |
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| positron emission tomography |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| transient ischemic attack |
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| chronic, organic mental disorder consisting of dementia; more prevalent in adults between ages 40 and 60; involves progressive disorientation, apathy, speech and gait disturbances, and loss of memory |
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| branch of medicine specializing in anesthesia, including for surgical procedures, resuscitation measures, and management of acute and chronic pain; physician is anesthesiologist |
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| sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling unusual odor, occurring prior to epileptic seizure or migraine headache |
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| one-sided facial paralysis due to inflammation of facial nerve, probably viral in nature; patient cannot control salivation, tearing of eyes, or expression, but most will eventually recover |
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| intracranial mass, either benign or malignant; benign tumor of brain can still be fatal since it grows and causes pressure on normal brain tissue |
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| localized abnormal dilatation of blood vessel, usually artery; result of congenital defect or weakness in wall of vessel; ruptured aneurysm is common cause of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident |
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| bruising of brain from blow or impact; symptoms last longer than 24 hours; include unconsciousness, dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size, and shock |
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| nonprogressive brain damage resulting from defect, trauma, or oxygen deprivation at time of birth |
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| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
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| development of infarct due to loss in blood supply to area of brain; blood flow interrupted by ruptured blood vessel (hemorrhage), floating clot (embolus), stationary clot (thrombosis), or compression; extent of damage depends on size and location of infarct; often includes dysphasia and hemiplegia; commonly called stroke |
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| profound unconsciousness or stupor resulting from illness or injury |
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| injury to brain resulting from brain being shaken inside skull from blow or impact; can result in unconsciousness, dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size, and shock; symptoms last 24 hours or less |
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| condition of being awake and aware of surroundings |
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| severe involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations; variety of causes, such as epilepsy, fever, and toxic conditions |
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| abnormal mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, and agitation |
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| progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing activities of daily living; patients have little awareness of their condition |
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| mass of blood in space outside dura mater of brain and spinal cord |
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| recurrent disorder of brain in which seizures and loss of consciousness occur as result of uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons in brain |
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| weakness or loss of motion on one side of body |
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| paralysis on only one side of body |
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| accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within ventricles of brain; causing head to be enlarged; treated by creating artificial shunt for fluid to leave brain; if untreated may lead to seizures and mental retardation |
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| congenital condition in which meninges protrude through opening in vertebral column; see spina bifida |
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| specific type of headache characterized by severe head pain, sensitivity to light, dizziness, and nausea |
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| inflammatory disease of central nervous system extreme weakness and numbness due to loss of myelin insulation from nerves |
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| congenital condition in which meninges and spinal cord protrude through opening in vertebral column; see spina bifida |
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| branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of nervous system; physician is neurologist |
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| temporary or permanent loss of ability to control movement |
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| temporary or permanent loss of function or voluntary movement |
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| paralysis of lower portion of body and both legs |
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| abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling seizure sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms; such as epileptic seizure |
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| chronic disorder of nervous system with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, and shuffling gait |
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| viral inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord; results in varying degrees of paralysis, may be mild and reversible or may be severe and permanent; disease almost eliminated due to discovery of vaccine in 1950s |
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| eruption of painful blisters on body along nerve path; thought to be caused by Herpes zoster virus infection of nerve root |
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| congenital defect in walls of spinal canal in which laminae of vertebra do not meet or close; may result in meningocele or myelomeningocele—meninges or spinal cord being pushed through opening |
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| damage to spinal cord as result of trauma; spinal cord may be bruised or completely severed |
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| mass of blood forming beneath dura mater; meninges are torn by trauma; may exert fatal pressure on brain if hematoma is not drained by surgery |
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| transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
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| temporary interference with blood supply to brain, causing neurological symptoms such as dizziness, numbness, and hemiparesis; may eventually lead to full-blown stroke (cerebrovascular accident) |
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| involuntary repetitive alternating movement of part of body |
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| condition or state of being unaware of surroundings, with inability to respond to stimuli |
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| image of brain taken after injection of radioactive isotopes into circulation |
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| X-ray of blood vessels of brain after injection of radiopaque dye |
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| cerebrospinal fluid shunts |
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| surgical procedure in which bypass is created to drain cerebrospinal fluid; used to treat hydrocephalus by draining excess cerebrospinal fluid from brain and diverting it to abdominal cavity |
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| recording of ultrasonic echoes of brain; useful in determining abnormal patterns of shifting in brain |
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| Electroencephalography (EEG) |
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| recording electrical activity of brain by placing electrodes at various positions on scalp |
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| puncture with needle into lumbar area to withdraw fluid for examination and for injection of anesthesia; |
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| injection of regional anesthetic to stop passage of sensory or pain impulses along nerve path |
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| positron emission tomography (PET) |
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| use of positive radionuclides to reconstruct brain sections; measurement taken of oxygen and glucose uptake, cerebral blood flow, and blood volume; amount of glucose brain uses indicates how metabolically active tissue is |
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| treats minor to pain; includes aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen |
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| produces loss of sensation or loss of consciousness |
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| reduces excitability of neurons & therefore prevents uncontrolled neuron activity associated with seizures |
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| treats severe pain; has potential to be habit forming if taken for prolonged time; (opiates) |
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| relaxing or calming effect |
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