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Chapter 12
Religions: Character, Diffusion, Landscape
148
Geography
9th Grade
01/11/2009

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Cards

Term
When do major religions develop compared to language families?
Definition
After
Term
What is better known than the earliest languages?
Definition
Historical geography of global religions
Term
What is the oldest major religion?
Definition
Hinduism
Term
What type of religion is Hinduism?
Definition
Ethnic Religion
Term
What doesn't Hinduism have?
Definition
Book, prophet, or bureaucratic structure
Term
What is the fundamental doctrine of Hinduism?
Definition
Karma
Term
What is the idea of Hinduism?
Definition
To move up the cast system to a Brahman or down to an untouchable
Term
How many untouchables are there in the Hinduism religion?
Definition
80 million
Term
What is the cornerstone of Hinduism?
Definition
Reincarnation
Term
What is believed to happen in the Hinduism religion when you mistreat an animal?
Definition
You turn into that animal in a future life
Term
What was the caste system loosened from?
Definition
Religions reaching India, colonial modernization, and Gandhi
Term
What was the caste system loosened from?
Definition
Religions reaching India, colonial modernization, and Gandhi
Term
What type of diffusion occured with Hinduism?
Definition
Relocation Diffusion
Term
Where was Hinduism born and which direction did it spread?
Definition
The west part of the Indian subcontinent and spread East
Term
Where did Hinduism reach its fullest development?
Definition
India and spread to Southeast Asia
Term
What island remains Hindu even though Islam took over in its region?
Definition
Bali
Term
What four things did Balinese mix?
Definition
Hinduism, Buddhism, Animism, Ancestor worship
Term
What ratio do lower castes outnumber high castes?
Definition
10-1
Term
What is the heart of Balinese described as?
Definition
Celebration of Life
Term
What is traditional Hinduism described as rather than a religion?
Definition
Way of life
Term
What is the main landscape mark made my Hinduism?
Definition
Shrines
Term
Shrines should have minimal what?
Definition
Disrupture of natural landscape
Term
Where should shrines be located?
Definition
Near water (holy function)
Term
What should a village temple face in Hinduism?
Definition
The Village
Term
Where did Buddhism appear in the 16th century as a protest to Hinduism?
Definition
India
Term
What was another South Asian protest to Hinduism?
Definition
Jainism
Term
Who was Buddhism founded by?
Definition
Prince Siddhartha (Guatama)of Nepal
Term
What does Buddha mean?
Definition
Enlightened One
Term
What did the Buddha speak out against?
Definition
The Caste System
Term
What four things are you believed to rid yourself of to gain enlightenment?
Definition
Greed, Craving, Desire, and have complete Honesty, and never hurting another person or animal
Term
When was the death of Buddha? How old was he?
Definition
489 B.C.; 80 years old
Term
Who was a major enhancement to the spread of Buddhism by conversion?
Definition
Emperor Asoka
Term
Is Buddhism extinct in India today?
Definition
Yes
Term
What are the two brances to Buddhism?
Definition
Mahayana and Theravada
Term
Where is Mahayana?
Definition
Vietnam, Korea, Japan, China
Term
Where is Theravada?
Definition
Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia
Term
When did the revival of Buddhism begin?
Definition
2 centuries ago
Term
What did Buddha recieve enlightenment under?
Definition
Bodhi at Bodh Gayain, India
Term
What shape are shrines?
Definition
Bell
Term
What are the four landscape distinctions in Buddhism?
Definition
Shrines, Temples, Cross Leg Buddha, Monestaries
Term
Who created a blue print for the Chinese civilization?
Definition
Confucius
Term
Who created Taoism?
Definition
Lao-Tsue
Term
What does Lao-Tsue believe?
Definition
The best government is the least government
Term
What did Lao-Tsue's teachings give rise to?
Definition
Feng Shui
Term
Who did Confucius fight for?
Definition
Lowest class
Term
When did Confucius die?
Definition
479 B.C.
Term
Where did Confucius's teachings diffuse?
Definition
Through East and Southeast Asia
Term
Where did Confucian Classics come from?
Definition
His Writings and Sayings
Term
What are the Confucian Classics?
Definition
13 texts whose education focuses in China 2000 years
Term
Buddhism formed a belief system during when?
Definition
Han Dynasty
Term
What is China's state ethic?
Definition
Confucianism
Term
What type of religions are chinese religions?
Definition
Ethnic Religions
Term
When did political upheavals in China lead to reactions against Chinese religion?
Definition
20th Century
Term
What was the first political upheaval?
Definition
Republican period after 1912
Term
What was the second political upheaval?
Definition
Communist regimes after 1949
Term
What is powerful in China today?
Definition
Geomancy
Term
What are Confucianism and Taoism not associated with?
Definition
Landscapes distinct from Buddhism
Term
Was is one of the main Cultural Landscape marks of the Chinese Religions?
Definition
Feng Shui
Term
What in the United States is tied to Confucianism?
Definition
Buddhist temples and gardens
Term
What in the United States is tied to Confucianism?
Definition
Buddhist temples and gardens
Term
When did Judaism grow out of Jews?
Definition
2000 B.C.
Term
Moses led the Jews out of Egypt to where?
Definition
Canaan
Term
What two branches was Judaism broken into?
Definition
Israel and Judah
Term
Which of the two Judaism branches was wiped out?
Definition
Israel
Term
Who was Judah conquered by?
Definition
Babylonians and Assyrians
Term
Where was the Jewish headquarters located?
Definition
Jerusalem
Term
When and to who did Jerusalem fall?
Definition
70 A.D. to Romans
Term
Who is the ancient ancestor of Judaism?
Definition
Abraham
Term
Where and when did Zorastrianism arise?
Definition
Persia in the 6th century B.C.
Term
When did the Reform movement develop?
Definition
19th Century
Term
When was Israel created under UN auspices?
Definition
1948
Term
How many Jews are there in the world?
Definition
18 million
Term
How many Jews are in North America?
Definition
7 million
Term
How many Jews are in Europe?
Definition
5 million
Term
How many Jews are in Asia?
Definition
Over 8 million
Term
What are the two most distinctive landscape features of Judaism?
Definition
Synagogues and Cemetaries
Term
Does Judaism have any architectual style?
Definition
No
Term
What do all synogogues have?
Definition
Ark
Term
What is the most distinctive element in Judaism?
Definition
6-pointed star
Term
What is the most important landscape in Judaism?
Definition
Western Wall
Term
What is the two great temples sights?
Definition
Temple Mount
Term
What almost happened at the Temple Mount?
Definition
Abraham almost sacrificed his son Isaac
Term
How did Christianity begin?
Definition
Jews oppression of Roman and Jesus
Term
Who was Paul?
Definition
Jesus's Aposites
Term
What event made Christianity the Roman state religion?
Definition
Conversion of the Roman Emperor Constantine in 312
Term
What are the three branches of Christianity?
Definition
Eastern or Orthodox Church, Roman Catholicism, Protestant
Term
Where was papacy established and the second branch of Christianity arise?
Definition
Rome
Term
When was the peak of the church's power?
Definition
Middle Ages
Term
What type of diffusion was Christianity's?
Definition
Expansion and Relocation
Term
What type of diffusion was it that went through West Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire?
Definition
Contagious Diffusion
Term
Where was East Orthodox in West Europe?
Definition
Constantinople to North and Northeast
Term
Where was Protestantism from west Europe to?
Definition
North and Central Europe
Term
When was Christianity's dispersal completed?
Definition
During European Colonization (16th century)
Term
Where was Catholicism heavy during Spanish control?
Definition
Philippines
Term
What is the largest and most widely spread religion?
Definition
Christianity
Term
What does the cultural landscape of Christianity carry the imprint of?
Definition
Death
Term
Does any other faith besides Christianity have so much burial?
Definition
No
Term
Who wrote "The Cultural Geography of the United States" (1992)
Definition
Wilbur Zelinsky
Term
How many religious regions were on Wilbur Zelensky's map?
Definition
7
Term
What is the main religion in New England?
Definition
Catholic
Term
What is the main religion in the South?
Definition
Baptist
Term
What is the main religion in the Upper Middle West?
Definition
Lutherans
Term
What is the main religion in the Southwest?
Definition
Spanish Catholic
Term
What is the youngest major religion?
Definition
Islam
Term
What does Islam come from?
Definition
Muhammad's teachings
Term
When was Muhammad's birth/death?
Definition
Birth= 571 A.D.
Death= 632 A.D.
Term
At what age did Muhammad recieve the truth from Allah and speak the words of the Qu'ran to him?
Definition
42
Term
What did Muhammad devote his life to?
Definition
Fufillment of the commands
Term
Where did Muhammad flee from and where did he go?
Definition
Makkah (Mecca) for Madinah (Medina)
Term
What are adherants of Islam required to obsereve?
Definition
5 Pillars
Term
What are the five pillars?
Definition
Creed, Prayer, 1 month of fasting, Armsgiving, 1 pilgrimage for Mecca
Term
Where was the Muslim world in the early 9th century?
Definition
Egypt to Morocco
Term
Where was the first capital of Islam located?
Definition
Medina
Term
Where was the second capital of Islam located?
Definition
Damascus
Term
Where was the third capital of Islam located?
Definition
Baghdad
Term
Are all Arabs Muslim?
Definition
No
Term
What are the sects of Islam?
Definition
Sufis, Alawites, Alcvis, Yazeedis
Term
When was the main division of Islam?
Definition
After Muhammad's death
Term
What two divisions were Islam divided into?
Definition
Sunni, Shiite
Term
Who was Muhammad's son in-law?
Definition
Ali
Term
Who was Ali supported by?
Definition
Shiites
Term
During the 16th century who made Shiism?
Definition
Iranian ruling dynasty
Term
Where is Islam centered?
Definition
Iran
Term
What percent of Muslims are Shiites?
Definition
13% (160 million)
Term
What do Sunni believe?
Definition
In the effectiveness of family and community in solving lifes problems
Term
What do Shiites believe?
Definition
The iman is the sole source of knowledge
Term
What type of diffusion was Islam diffused by?
Definition
Hierarchial Diffusion
Term
How did Islam reach across the Sahara?
Definition
From work with Arab made from West Africa
Term
Islam had a conflict with what other religion?
Definition
Christianity
Term
When did Christians conquer Dherian?
Definition
1492
Term
During the 16th and 18th centurys Islam had expansion where?
Definition
Southeast Europe
Term
When did the first crusaders capture Jerusalem?
Definition
1099
Term
When did Muslims retake Jerusalem?
Definition
1187
Term
What type of diffusion created Islam's dispersal to Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, and the New World?
Definition
Relocation Diffusion
Term
Where is the largest Islamic population?
Definition
Indonesia
Term
How many Islams are in Asia?
Definition
540 million
Term
How many Islams are in Africa South of the Sahara?
Definition
187 million
Term
How many Islams are in Southwest Asia and North Africa?
Definition
400 million
Term
How many Islams are North of Iran and Afghanistan?
Definition
41 million
Term
How many Islams are in Europe?
Definition
15 million
Term
How many Islams are in the Americas?
Definition
6 million
Term
How many times a day are Islams supposed to pray at mosques?
Definition
5
Term
What are the greatest masterpieces of Islams?
Definition
Alhambra Palace, Great Mosque of Cordoba
Term
When did Muslims builders glaze tiles on domes and roofs?
Definition
11th century
Term
What is a common natural landscape of Islams?
Definition
Cupolas
Term
What do Mosques symbolize?
Definition
Power of faith and its role in community
Term
How many Christian denominations are in the United States?
Definition
over 60
Term
How many people are within each denomination in the United States?
Definition
From fewer than 5000 to more than one half million
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