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| the life of the cell from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two cells |
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| a cell's DNA or genetic information |
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| a thread-like gene carrying structure found in the nubleus |
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| all body cells except the reproductive cells |
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| the DNA-protein complex which maintains structure of the chromosome and helps control activity of the genes |
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| replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meisosis II |
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| specialized region which joins the sister chromatids together |
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| the division of the cytoplasm |
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| variation of cell division of the cytoplasm |
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includes both mitosis and cytokinesis |
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| the period in the cell when the cell is not dividing |
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| first phase of the interphase |
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| second phase "gap" of interphase |
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| 1st subphase of mitosis; chromatin is condensing and mitotic spindle begins to form; nucleus is still in tact |
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| 2nd subphase of mitosis; discrete chromosomes with sister chromatids appear, nuclear envelope fragments, and spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes |
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| 3rd subphase of mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes are all aligned at the metaphase plate |
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| 4th subphase of mitosis; chromatids of each chromosomes have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell |
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Definition
5th subphase of mitosis; daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun |
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| radial arrays of microtubules that extend from the centrosomes |
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| a specialized region of the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle |
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| an imaginary plane that is equidistant between the spindles two poles |
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| an assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis |
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| a nonmembranous organelle that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell's microtubules |
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| the process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane |
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| the first sign of cleavage in an animal cell, near the old metaphase plate |
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| a double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis |
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| process by which prokaryotes (bacteria) reproduce |
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| sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins |
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| cell cycle control system |
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Definition
| a clinically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle |
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Definition
| a critical control point where "stop" and "go ahead" signals can regulate the cycle |
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| nondividing state a cell enters when it does not recieve a "go ahead" signal at G1 checkpoint |
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Definition
| a protein that gets its name from its cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell |
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| cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) |
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Definition
| a protein kinase that is active only when it is attached to a particular cyclin |
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Definition
| a protein complex required for a cell to progress from late interphase to mitosis |
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| a protein released by certain body cells that stimulates other cells to divide |
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| density-dependent inhibition |
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Definition
| a phenonmenon in which crowded cells stop dividing |
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Definition
| to divide, an animal cell must attach to a substratum (cultur jars) |
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| the process that converts a normal cell to a cancer cell |
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| a mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue |
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when these abnormal cells remain at the original site |
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| tumor that becomes invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs |
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| the spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site |
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