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Chapter 12 Vocab
Prentice hall book Earth Moon and Sun
28
Science
8th Grade
05/16/2011

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Term
astronomy
Definition
the study of moon stars and other objects in space
Term
rotation
Definition
the spinning motion of a planet on its axis
Term
orbit
Definition
the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
Term
solstice
Definition
the two days of the year on which the sun reaches its greates distnace north or south of the equator
Term
axis
Definition
an imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles abouth which Earth rotates
Term
revolution
Definition
the movement of an object around another object
Term
calendar
Definition
a system of organizing time that defines the beginning length and dividion of a year
Term
equinox
Definition
the two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun
Term
force
Definition
a push or a pull exerted on an object
Term
gravity
Definition
the force that pulls objects toward each other
Term
law of universial gravitation
Definition
the scientific law that states that every object in the universe attracts every other object
Term
mass
Definition
a measure of how much matter is in an object
Term
weight
Definition
a measure of the force of gravity on an object
Term
inertia
Definition
the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion
Term
newtons first law of motion
Definition
an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by a force
Term
phase
Definition
one of the different apparent shapes of the moon as seen from Earth
Term
solar eclipse
Definition
the blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is directly between the sun and Earth
Term
penumbra
Definition
the part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part
Term
tide
Definition
the periodic rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean
Term
neap tide
Definition
the tide with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides
Term
eclipse
Definition
the partial or total blocking of one object in space by another
Term
umbra
Definition
the darkest part of a shadow
Term
lunar eclipse
Definition
the blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly between the sun and the moon
Term
spring tide
Definition
the tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides
Term
telescope
Definition
a device built to observe distant objects by making them appear closer
Term
maria
Definition
Dark, flat areas on the moon's surface formed from huge ancient lava flows
Term
crater
Definition
a large round pit caused by the impact of a meteoroid
Term
meteoroid
Definition
a chunk of rock or dust in space
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