In chromosome mapping, one map unit represents

A. The distance between one gene and the next on a chromosome

B. 1% crossing over between two sites on a chromosome

C. 10% Crossing over between two sites of a chromosome

D. 1% of the length of the chromosome

Polyploid is based on the Greek root words for

A. Appaearance and shape

B. Hereditary and image

C. New and form

D. Many and fold

Which of these terms would be equivalent to 3n chromosome?

A. Tetraplody

B. Trisomy

C. Diploidy

D. Triploidy

Which refers to turning a chromosome segment around 180 degrees and rejoining it to the original chromosome?

A. Inversion

B.Translocation

C. Deletion

D. Monosomy

Which refers to the loss of a complete chromosome?

A. Inversion

B. Translocation

C. Deletion

D. Duplication

E. Monosomy

Which refers to the movement of a piece of one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome?

A. Inversion

B. Translocation

C. Deletion

D. Duplication

E. Monosomy

Which refers to the loss of a PROTION of a chromosome?

A. Inversion

B. Translocation

C. Deletion

D. Duplication

E. Monosomy

Which refers to the addition of an EXTRA segment of a chromosome?

A. Inversion

B. Translocation

C. Deletion

D. Duplication

E. Monosomy

Consider the case of a lethal recessive gene located on the nonhomologous part of the human X-chromosome.......

A. One-half

B. two-thirds

C. three-fourths

D. All

Which of the following is NOT true about a karyotype?

A. Homolugous chromosomes are paired

B. Sex chromosomes are identified separately from autosomes

C. Chromosome pairs are numbered from smallest to largest

D. Chromosome pairs are assorted by both size and shape

Karyotyping can be used to diagnose which of the following genetic disoders?

A. Down syndrome

V. Color-blindness

C. Muscular dystrophy

D. Hemophilia

E. All of the aboce

Chorionic villus sampling uses what tissues to analyze the fetel cells and provide a karyotype?

A. Fetal blood tissue

B. Cells floating in the amniotic fluide

C. A small biopsy from the embryo itself but it readily heals

D. Membrane tissues from the embryo side of the placenta

When homologous chromosomes fail to seperate during meiosis, this is termed 

A. Cross-over

V. RFLP

C. Linked genes

D. Disjunction

E. Nondisjunction

It is possible to assert that _____ resulted in nondisjunction in _____

A. XXXY; oogenesis

B. XYY; Spermatogenesis

C. XXX; oogenesis

D. XXY; Spermatogenesis

E. XO; oogenesis

In some cases of down syndrome, there is a translocation between the chromosomes

A. 21 and 13

B. 21 and 14

C. 21 and 18

D. 21 and 22

E. X and Y

Which statement is NOT true about Down Syndrome?

A. It is caused by a third copy of a chromosome 21

B. Greatly increased incidence occures with fathers over age 35

C. It is associated with the chromosomal nondisjunction in meiosis

D. Affected individuals have it considerably shortened life expentancy

Considering that males are produced by the Klinefelter syndrome, and females are produced by Turner syndrome, it is obvious that

A. Maleness is caused by the presence of only one X chromosome

B. Femaleness is caused by the presence of two or more x chromosomes

C. Maleness is caused y the minimal presence of one Y chromosome

D. Maleness occurs in the absence of two or more X chromosomes

Which genetic trait is NOT associated with the chromosome involved in down syndrome?

A. Increased incidence of leukemia

B. Cataracts

C. Mental retardation

D. Cystic fibrosis

Which one of these is caused by repeats of base triplets rather than a whole chromosome?

A. Down syndrome

B. Edward syndrome

C. Klinefelter syndrome

D. Fragile-X syndrome

E. Turner syndrome

Which sex chromosome anomaly is correctly associated with the proper genotype?

A. Turner syndrome-XYY

B. Triplo- X--XO

C. Klinefleter syndrome - XXY

A male with underdeveloped testes, breast development, subnormal intelligence, and an abnormal karyotype is likely to have

A. Turner syndrome

B. Hemophilia

C. Klinefelter syndrome

D.Down symdrome

If a woman is a carried for the color-blind recessive allele and her husband is normal, what are their chances that a son will be color-blind?

A. None since the father is normal

B. 50% since the mother is only the carrier

C. 100% because the mother has the gene

D. 25% because the mother is a hybrid

Queen Victoria and some of her descendants carried an X-linked gene for

A. Male pattern baldness

B. Sickle-cell disease

C. Color blindness

D. Hemophilia

E. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A genetic disorder (not counting disjunctions) is more likely to be common in the population if it

A. Does not manifest itself until after reproductive age has passed

B. Is recessive

C. Bestows some benefit in a heterozygous state'

D. Is not a sex-link if recessive

E. All of the above

In humans, X- linked diseases include all of the following EXCEPT

A. Color blindness

B. Hemophilia

C. Sickle-cell trait
D. Fragile X syndrome

Fragile X syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A. Fragile X syndrome is second only to down syndrom as a genetic cause of mental retardation

B. May be asymptomatic in up to 20% of males with a fragile X

C. Differs in the usual pattern for the X Linked genetic conditions

D. This is never found in females to any degree of expression

All of the following are conditions associated with changes in human chromosome numbers except

A. Down syndrome

B. Turner syndrome

C. Klinefelter syndrome
D. Jacobs syndrome

E. Fragile X syndrome

Human syndromes associated with deletion of a piece of a chromosome are

A. Klinefelter's syndrome

B. Williams and Cri du Chat syndromes

C. Burkitts lumphoma and Alagille syndrome

D All of the above

Williams and Cri du Chat syndromes

Alagille syndrome

A. Is due to translocation betwen chromosome 2 and 20

B. May also have a deletion on chromosome 20

C. Presents with severe itching and abnormalities of the eyes and internal organs

D. All of the choices

The first eukaryotic genome to be completely base sequenced were those of

A. Saccharomyces cervisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans

B. Drosophilia

C. Neurospora

E. The garden pea 

What causes Down Syndrome?

A. The lack of pidment production

B. An extra chromosome 21

C. The presence of two different codominant alleles

D. Inability to produce normal connective tissue

What is associate dwith the inability to produce favtor VIII in the blood?

A. Williams syndrope

B. Trisomy 21

C. Color-blindness

D. Hemophilia

What kind of mutation causes trisomy 21 or down syndrome?

A. Change in number of chromosomes

B. Change in base sequence in DNA

C. Change in arrangement of alleles

Individuals who display an aneuploid condition have an abnormal number of chromosomes

True or False

Polyploid plants are usually sterile.

True or False

The chromosomes that are the same in both males and females are called the sex chromosomes

True or False

Sex chromosomes only contrain genes coding for sexual charactertistics 

True or False

An example of an X-linked trait is red eye color in the fruit fly Drosophila

True or False

An small number of recombinants will occur due to crossing over between linked genes in homologous chromosomes

True or False

Polyploidy is important in the production of new species of animals

True or False

Trisomy occurs when a chromosome, usually an autosome, is lost during meiosis

True or False

The development of the chromosomal theory of inheritance is an example of how different avenues of research can result in a major scientific discovery

True or False

Non-sex determining chromosomes are called autosomes

True or False