Term
| Advantages of wide spread Mongol rule |
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Definition
| allowed for the spread of Asian technological advances such as printing, paper, gunpowder. |
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Term
| Role/importance of Aden in Indian Ocean trade- |
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Definition
Aden was a port city located in present-day Yemen that facilitated trade around the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea. It became a very cosmopolitan and wealthy city, as a result of its control of Red Sea trade. -Adam |
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Term
| Importance of iron to Central Asian nomadic tribes- |
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Definition
| Depended heavily on horses, requiring new technology such as iron stirrups, bridles, cart fittings, and weapon. |
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Term
| Mali compared to Delhi Sultanate |
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Definition
| predominantely Muslim population, making it a somewhat peaceful kingdom. The Delhi Sultanate was an Indian kingdom ruled by Muslim-Turkish conquerors with a mostly Hindu population, making constant wars and raids necessary to quell rebellion against the centralized Islamic authority. |
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Term
| Characteristics of Mongol conquest-tactics, military |
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Definition
Archers shot arrows from a distance which decimate enemy troops. The Mongol infantry charged the enemy with sword, lance, javelin, and mace. Also, they fired flaming arrows and projectiles. |
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Term
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Definition
Dhows- sewn with lateen sails
Junks- nailed with masts |
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Term
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Definition
Ghazan faced many economic problems. He tried to solve them through reduction of taxes. He also tried to create paper money. |
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Term
| Nature of Mongol army after its conquests- how different |
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Definition
| It was different in a way that they were more technologically advanced and were open to recruiting people from conquered areas. |
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Term
| Role of women in Mongol society |
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Definition
| women were important. Marriages were arranged in childhood. Women from noble families could hold power in negotiation and management but could be executed or assassinated like men. |
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Term
| Malacca’s strategic position in Indian Ocean trade |
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Definition
| Malacca was a port city located on the strait of malacca and having complete control over Indian Ocean trade going to and from China and the far east. |
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Term
| Reasons for decline of Mongol empire |
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Definition
Reached their limit of expansion A few weak administrative and economic practices led to their downfall (tax farming) and the attempt at paper money failed |
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Term
| Orthodox Church and Mongols |
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Definition
| The Golden Horde's capital, in order to facilitate control, granted priviledges to the Orthodox Church which helped reconcile the Russian people to their distant masters. |
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Term
| Role of Moscow during Mongols rule |
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Definition
| It became the dominant political center after years of decentralization |
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Term
| Role of Ivan III in ending Mongol rule in Russia |
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Definition
| Ivan III , the prince of Moscow, was an autocratic ruler. His use of the title tsar (which applied only to foreign rulers) represented an effort to establish la basis for legitimate rule with the decline of the Golden Horde. |
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Term
| Death of Ogodai and impact on Europe |
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Definition
| The death of Ogodai prevented the Mongols from attacking Western Europe as the Mongols had to fall back to determine a successor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mali was an Islamic kingdom located in western Africa. It was somewhat peaceful and dependent on trade and agriculture, with access to rivers and the Niger gold fields. It controlled most trans-Saharan trade, becoming extremely wealthy, king Mansa Musa flaunting his enormous wealth as he made his pilgramage to Mecca. |
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Term
| Annam’s role in Vietnam 15th century |
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Definition
| Annam and Ming were in warfare and when Annam moved its army to the southern border of Vietnam for rienforcment, Ming troops occupied the capital. Thirty years later, Annam regained its independence and tributary status. Annam eventually terminated Champa's independence and by then the ancestor of modern Vietnam, still called Annam, had been born. |
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Term
· Importance of iron to Central Asian nomadic tribes- |
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Definition
| Depended heavily on horses, requiring new technology such as iron stirrups, bridles, cart fittings, and weapon. Genghis Khan means “blacksmithing”. Developed irion forging, which was used in agriculture purposes |
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Term
| Life in urban centers compared to imperial centers- |
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Definition
| In urban centers life was more diverse and cosmopolitan. They were used for mainly trade. The imperial centers were more focused on controlling their empire. They were very strict and uptight. |
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Term
Impact of Buddhism and Islam on Mongols - |
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Definition
| In a way, the Mongols rejected Islam at first because they had conflicting beliefs. Mongol ways specified slaughtering animals without spilling blood, which involved opening the chest and stopping the heart. This horrified Muslim, who were forbidden to consume blood and slaughtered animals by slitting their thoughts and draining the blood. Buddhism did not have as big of an impact on the Mongols as did Islam. Eventually, the Mongols did adapt Islam as their state religion or accepted religion. |
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Term
Impact of Islam on tropical Asia and Africa- |
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Definition
| In Africa the higher class people such as nobles or leaders converted to Islam and this made the women have less rights but in India the poor people converted and this improved womens rights |
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Term
· Characteristics of Mongol rule in general by 13th century, political structure- |
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Definition
| Mongols were warriors and leaders. Central Asians and middle Easterners were census takers and tax collectors. Provincial governors appointed by the central authority. Governed by law code of Genghis called the Yassa. Non-democratic parliamentary-style central assembly. Religiously and culturally tolerant. -ashley |
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Term
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Definition
| Beautiful calligraphy of verses of the Quran in Arabic. Nature objects depicted, such as flowers, trees, and animals. Included intricate geometric designs. Flourished under the Timurids, with large amounts of Chinese influence. |
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Term
| Trade routes in 13th-15th centuries |
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Definition
| silk road, indian ocean trade route, Mali and the Sahara, Swahili and the Zimbabwe |
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Term
Importance of irrigation tropical Asia and Africa- |
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Definition
| Despite annual floods of the Niger River, tropical farmers needed a way to move water to their crops; Delhi Sultanate irrigation canals network made yearly crop production possible; Indian Ocean island of Ceylon supported by irrigation reservoirs and canals; Cambodian city of Angkor also had system of reservoirs and canals |
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Term
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Definition
| horses used Iron bridles, stirrups, cart fittings. weaponsincluded swords, lance, javelin, mace, arrows, flaming arrows, catapults. |
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Term
Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta travels- |
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Definition
| Both were biased; Marco Polo focused only on luxuries of China, and Ibn Battuta very pro-Muslim, with any non-Muslim practice (such as women conversing with men outside their family) considered to be of 'infidels' |
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Term
Mongol rule in Russia and China compared- |
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Definition
| Russia was more of a tributary country to the Mongols, and China was actually conqured by the Mongols and they had emperial power in the are |
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Term
Mongol use of tax farming- problems with: |
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Definition
| Used tax farming to extract maximum wealth from their subjects. Extortions of tax farmers drove many landowners into debt and servitude, the agricultural production declined (not enough food for army) and government took the land and tax base shrank as well as rise in Mongol nobility. |
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Term
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Definition
| Centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders; Sultan Iltutmish controlled conquest through military expeditions, securing official regonition of Delhi Sultanate as a Muslim state; controlled extensive new water-control systems; personal and religious rivalries within Delhi Muslim elite led to establishment of Bahmani kingdom and Vijayanahar Empire; much of India rebelled against Delhi Sultanate by 1351, being capture in 1398 by Turko-Mongol leader Timur; Delhi Sultanate began the development of centralized political authority in India |
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