Term
1._________ is necessary for decoding and is the knowledge of sounds and syllable and of the sound structure of words.
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Definition
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Term
2. Individuals create words by ________.
a. segmentation
b.blending
c.decoding
d.metacognition |
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Definition
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Term
3. Children are introduced to phonics in the first grad.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
1.) List the three basic levels of reading comprehension in order:
a.) decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
b.) decoding, dynamic literacy, critical literacy
c.) natural literacy, dynamic literacy, critical literacy
d.) dynamic literacy, natural literacy, decoding |
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Definition
a.) decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
(pg. 362-263)
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Term
2.) A major difference between speech and writing even though is:
a.) spelling is a prerequisite to writing whereas articulation is a prerequisite to speaking
b.) writing is more formal and detached and less interactive than speaking
c.) learning to write develops over a much shorter time period than learning to speak
d.) writing is more complicated to do than speaking |
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Definition
b.) writing is more formal and detached and less interactive than speaking
(pg. 371)
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Term
| 3.) T/F Phonics is the process by which children learn how to write words with consonant blends. |
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Definition
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Term
1. Verb phrases are expanded by increasing use of all of the following EXCEPT:
a.modality
b. tense
c. aspect
d. pragmatics
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Definition
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Term
2. T/F: Young writers are often very sure of their ausience and the needs of their readers.
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Definition
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Term
3. Which is NOT a part of critical literacy?
a.Interpreting
b.relating content to other knowledge
c.analyzing
d.synthesizing information |
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Definition
| b.relating content to other knowledge |
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Term
| 1)True/False: Literacy is the use of visual modes of communication, specifically reading and speaking. |
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Definition
False. correct answer: specifically reading and writing
p360 |
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Term
2)Phonemic awareness is:
a.ability to manipulate sounds
b.knowledge of sounds and syllables and sound structure of words
c.dividing a word into its parts |
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Definition
a.ability to manipulate sounds
p361
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Term
3)What is print awareness?
a.knowing the direction in which reading proceeds across a page
b.knowledge of sounds and syllables and sound structure of words
c.ability to manipulate sound |
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Definition
a.knowing the direction in which reading proceeds across a page.
p.366 |
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Term
True/False
1. Children become proficient in representing absent entities and events and in describing the internal states, thoughts, and feelings of characters in their narratives |
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Definition
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Term
2. Initial ________ attempts at spelling mostly of scribble and drawing with an occasional letter thrown in.
a) Parallel
b) Literacy
c) Preliterate
d) Phonics
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Definition
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Term
3. As with reading, in early writing, children expend a great deal of cognitive energy on the ________, such as forming letters.
a) Mechanics
b) Phonics
c) Decoding
d) Blending
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Definition
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Term
Emerging writing literacy moves from ______________ to ____________ .
a. drawing; printed writing
b. printed writing; drawing
c. gesturing; singing
d. singing; gesturing
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Definition
| a. drawing; printed writing |
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Term
Spelling moves from preliterate attempts such as, __________ spelling, to more ____________ spelling based on multiple strategies.
a. picturesque; concrete
b. concrete; picturesque
c. conventional; inventive
d. inventive; conventional
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Definition
d. inventive; conventional
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Term
True/False: Writing is an active process, and mature writing requires executive function in the use of planning and editing.
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an example of utilizing volwel names if the vowel is long:
1. FES = Fish
2. LAFFT = Left
3. DA = Day
4. LIK = Like
A. 2
B. 1 & 3
C. 3 & 4
D. All of the above
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Definition
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Term
True or False. According to the book, much of a child's cognitive capacity is not used in decoding.
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Definition
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Term
Phonemic skills of ________ and __________ are important in the development of reading.
A. decoding; encoding
B. segmentation; blending
C. awareness; unawareness
D. chunking; clustering
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Definition
| B. segmentation; blending |
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Term
Learning to read initially, is difficult due to what fact?
a.) English words derive from Latin and Greek
b.) English speech sounds and letters do not always correspond c.) Children don’t learn to read until 1st grade.
d.) None of the above
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Definition
| b.) English speech sounds and letters do not always correspond. (Ans. Pg 365) |
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Term
| T/F All 4 year-olds are able to differentiate the syllables and individual phonemes in words. |
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Definition
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Term
During the second phase of reading development 3rd and 4th graders depend on context as well as ________ to decipher words.
a.) Transcription models
b.) Orthographic patterns
c.) Integrative rehearsal
d.) Bottom-up processing |
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Definition
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Term
1. Reading and writing lacks all of the following except
a. Conversational give and take
b. Paralinguistic features
c. A language base
d. Its own vocabulary and grammar
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Definition
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Term
2. True or False
Children with a history of preschool speech/language problems have later problems with reading
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Definition
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Term
3. All are vital for comprehension except
a. Morphology
b. Pragmatics
c. Phonological skills
d. Syntax
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Definition
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Term
T/F: Reading is more complex than speaking.
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is false about reading?
a. it is a top-down process
b. it is a bottom-up process
c. it requires encoding
d. it requires decoding |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the correct order of the process of writing development?
a. forming letters, text generation, learning to spell, executive function
b. forming letters, learning to spell, text generation, executive function
c. executive function, forming letters, learning to spell, text generation
d. text generation, forming letters, learning to spell, executive function |
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Definition
| b. forming letters, learning to spell, text generation, executive function |
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Term
1) T/F
Around the age of 6 formatting of writing such as spacing and spelling matters.
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Definition
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Term
2) What is the first step in the writting process?
a. Knowing how to read
b. Learning to spell
c. Forming letters
d. Two of the above |
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Definition
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Term
3) How do children who speak AAE differ from
their peers with writing?
a. There is no difference
b. If they learn the dialect they will be better off
than their peers
c. They will be worse off than their peers
d. With the proper teaching they will both
perform well in writing |
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Definition
b. If they learn the dialect they will be better off
than their peers |
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Term
Chapter 11
1. A child who spells the word “days” with the letters “D-A-Z” is engaging in:
A. Dynamic literacy
B. Invented spelling
C. Embedding
D. Print awareness
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Definition
B. Invented spelling
page. 374,375
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Term
2. Text generation begins with:
A. Written narratives
B. Oral narratives
C.Schemes and scripts
D.Reports of daily events
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Definition
B. Oral narratives
page. 376
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Term
3. True/False
It is easier for children to find a letter that matches a sound than it is for them to produce the sound that matches a letter.
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Definition
C.Phonological Awareness
(page 361)
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Term
2.The two aspects of metacognition that are important for reading are:
A. Self-appraisal and executive function
B. Decoding and executive function
C. Segmentation and blending
D. Blending and decoding
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Definition
A. Self-appraisal and executive function
(pg 363)
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Term
3. True or False
Learning to spell is memorizing words.
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Definition
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Term
1.) ______________ is the first step in the process of reading?
a. Literacy
b. Blending
c. Phonological awareness
d. Decoding
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Definition
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Term
2.) Literacy develops in the following order:
a. decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
b. critical literacy, dynamic literacy, decoding
c. critical literacy, blending, decoding
d. blending, segmentation, decoding
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Definition
| a. decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy |
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Term
3.) T/F - Children recognize their favorite books at age 3.
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Definition
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Term
| 1. T/F: The bottom-up reading process emphasizes the cognitive task of deriving meaning. |
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Definition
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Term
2. Together, the nucleus and coda make up the ______ of a syllable.
A. onset
B. resonance
C. morphology
D. rime |
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Definition
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Term
3. Breaking a word into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word is called _________.
A. segmentation
B. bottom-up processing
C. top-down processing
D. decoding |
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Definition
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Term
| 1. True or False A child’s oral comprehension is related to the age at which home reading routines became established. |
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Definition
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Term
2. A strong relationship exists between early ___________ skills and reading and spelling.
a. blending
b. decoding
c. segmentation
d. none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
3. Four year olds use a memorized combination when reading. Which one of the following combinations is used?
a. decoding, segmentation, and blending
b. word shapes, letter names, and guessing
c. world knowledge and comprehension
d. letter sound, semantics, and guessing |
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Definition
b. word shapes, letter names, and guessing
slide 18 |
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Term
1. Reading and writing differ from speech in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A. Reading and writing lack conversational give and take
B. Reading and writing are more temporary
C. Reading and writing are processed differently
D. Reading and writing have their own vocabulary
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Definition
B. Reading and writing are more temporary
(from slide 4 on the Chapter 11 Powerpoint) |
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Term
2. ____________ _____________ is considered the best predictor of spelling in elementary school because it concerns the use and knowledge of sounds, syllables, and sound structures of words.
A. Phonological awareness
B. Phonemic awareness
C. Phonics acquisition
D. Critical literacy
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Definition
A. Phonological awareness
(from slide 8 on the Chapter 11 Powerpoint) |
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Term
3. In reading comprehension, readers process material:
A. solely by looking at pictures
B. bit-by-bit
C. holistically
D. B&C
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Definition
D. B&C
(from slide 15 on the Chapter 11 Powerpoint) |
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Term
A. blending
B. phonological awareness
C. metacognition
D. phonics
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Definition
| B. phonological awareness |
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Term
_____________ is necessary for decoding a reading.
A. blending
B. phonological awareness
C. metacognition
D. phonics
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Definition
| B. phonological awareness |
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Term
In writing development __________________ develops before ________________
A. text generation / learning to spell
B. learning to spell / text generation
C. executive funtion / phonological comprehension
D. phonological comprehension / learning to spell
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Definition
| B. learning to spell / text generation |
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Term
Children’s early compositions usually lack cohesion and use structures repeatedly
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
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Term
| 1. T/F Initially, children treat writing and speaking as one system. |
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Definition
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Term
2.In_________ processing reading is translating written elements into speech, in_________ processing, problem solving emphasizes the derivation of meaning.
a. segmentation, blending
b.bottom up, top down
c.blending, segmentation
d.top down, bottom up |
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Definition
b.bottom up, top down
pg. 365
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Term
3. By what age can children recognize their favorite books?
a.1
b.5
c.2
d.3
e.none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
1. _______ is knowledge of sounds and syllables and of the sound structure of words.
A. segmentation
B. phonemic awareness
C. Decoding
D. phonemic awareness
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Definition
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Term
2. _______ is dividing a word into its parts.
A. segmentation
B. blending
C. encoding
D. decoding
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Definition
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Term
3. _______ is the use of visual modes of communication, specifically reading and writing.
A. Literacy
B. Comprehension
C. Decoding
D. None of the above
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Definition
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Term
1. T/F: Phonological skills are required for decoding, whereas syntax, morphology, semantics, and pragmatics are vital for comprehension.
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Definition
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Term
2. Reading comprehension requires:
a) self-monitoring
b) summarization
c) semantic organization
d) all of the above |
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Definition
d) all of the above
(slide 7)
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Term
3. ______ is self-regulation and includes, among other things, the ability to attend and to set reasonable goals.
a) metacognition
b) executive function
c) dynamic literacy
d) top-down processing
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Definition
b) executive function
(slide 11) |
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Term
| True or False: Spelling of most words is self-taught using a trial-and-error approach. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following aids in developing a concept of literacy?
A. parental activities, such as the use of cook books or bill paying
B. television shows, such as Sesame Street
C. parent-child reading
D. all of the above
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Definition
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Term
When it comes to reading, knowing what to do and how to do it refers to ______. This is also known as a knowledge about knowledge and about cognitive processes.
A. dynamic literacy
B. metacognition
C. critical literacy
D. executive function |
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Definition
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Term
1. What is necessary for decoding?
a) Reading
b) Phonological awareness
c) Phonetic decoding
d) Letter identification
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Definition
| b) Phonological awareness |
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Term
2. Reading is a _________ - directed activity
a) Actively
b) Knowing
c) Goal
d) Performance
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Definition
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Term
3. There is a ________ amount of overlap between writing and reading
a) Complete
b) Moderate
c) Zero |
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Definition
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Term
_________ is the use of visual modes of communication, specifically reading and writing.
A. Literacy ***
B. Decoding
C. Text Interpretation
D. None of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Socioeconomic status (SES), age, speech, sound accuracy, and vocabulary each contribute uniquely to phonological awareness for children between the ages of 2 and 5. |
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Definition
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Term
Latin, Hebrew, Greek, and Cyrillic are examples of ________ which among bilingual children may effect their reading ability based on visual complexity.
A. Critical literacy
B. Written scripts ***
C. Dynamic literacy
D. None of the above |
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Definition
B. Written scripts
pg. 362 & table 11.1 on pg. 363 |
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Term
T/F Spoken and written language are the reverse of eachother.
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Definition
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Term
What is the first step in the process of reading?
A)Blending
B)Segmentation
C)Phonological awareness
D) decoding
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Definition
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Term
When are children introduced to phonetics?
A)Second grade
B) First grade
C) Two years old
D) Third Grade
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Definition
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Term
1) Reading instruction and sound-letter correspondence is called:
a) phonics
b) orthographic awareness
c) syllable knowledge
d) morphics
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Definition
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Term
2) True or false:
Reading is an active process.
|
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Definition
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Term
3)Which two skills are important for early reading development?
a) working memory and cognitive ability
b) working memory and long-term word storage
c) long-term word storage and cognitive ability
d) working memory and short-term word storage |
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Definition
b) working memory and long-term word storage
page 368 |
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Term
1. Which of the following means to create a word from individual sounds and syllables?
a. segmentation
b. blending
c. phonological awareness
d. phonemic awareness
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Definition
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Term
2. The bottom-up process emphasizes lower level ______ and ______ processes.
a. phonemic; phonological
b. phonological; semantic
c. phonological; perceptual
d. perceptual; phonemic
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Definition
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Term
3. For a skilled reader, printed wordes are represented for a long period of time for processing.
True or False |
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Definition
| False, they are represented briefly |
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Term
1. Literacy develops in which order:
a. decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
b. segmentation, dynamic literacy, decoding
c. segmentation, blending, decoding
d. blending, segmentation, decoding |
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Definition
| a. decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy |
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Term
2. Print awareness can refer to all of the following EXCEPT:
a. knowing that words are read from left to right (in English)
b. dividing words into the onset and rime
c. being interested in print
d. recognizing some letters
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Definition
| b. dividing words into the onset and rime |
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Term
3. T/F In reading, a child can give sufficient attention to meaning ONLY if orthography is mastered.
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Definition
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Term
1.) Phonological awareness is:
a.) knowledge of sounds and syllables and how they fit together
b.) knowledge of all the sounds in the universe
c.) ability to comprehend sounds in a specific language
d.) none of the above
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Definition
a.) knowledge of sounds and syllables and how they fit together
pg 361
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Term
2.) Critical literacy is the ability to:
a.) actively interpret, analyze, and synthesize information.
b.) explain content
c.) critique a literary work
d.) both A & B
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Definition
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Term
3.) T or F: Print awareness is knowing the direction in which reading proceeds across a page and through a book.
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Definition
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Term
1. True or False: Phonological awareness is necessary for decoding.
|
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Definition
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Term
2. The development for the development of reading are the phonemic skills of
a. blending and segmentation
b. segmentation and revising
c. comprehension and revising
d. blending and comprehension
e. none of the above
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Definition
| a. blending and segmentation |
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Term
3. Writing is a ______ act, and like a speaker, the writer must consider the audience.
a. reluctant
b. overt
c. social
d. psychological
e. all of the above
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Definition
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Term
1. For the development of reading, phonemic skills of _________ and __________ are important.
A. Phoneme Identification & Syllabication
B. Semantics & Syntax
C. Chunking & Memorizing
D. Segmentation & Blending
E. None of the above
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Definition
D. Segmentation & Blending
Pg. 361
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Term
| 2. T/F At the highest level of dynamic literacy, a reader is able to relate content to other knowledge. |
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Definition
|
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Term
3. A difference between oral and visual language is __________.
A. Input
B. Word Recognition
C. Output
D. All of the Above
E. None of the Above
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Definition
|
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Term
1. Phonological awareness is having a knowledge of:
a. sounds & sound structure of words
b. spelling
c. identifying
d. syllables
e. choices A&D |
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Definition
|
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Term
2. Phonological awareness consists of many skill areas including syllabication and rhyming<<true pg 361
3. Reading is a:
a. process
b.skill
c.trial and error
d. goal-directed activity |
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Definition
| d. goal-directed activity pg. 365 |
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Term
| T/F: A mature silent reader doesn't even read whole words. |
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Definition
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Term
What is important to emerging literacy?
a) Parent- child reading
b) Television
c) Cookbooks
d) Parental activity
e) All of the above
f) None of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Spelling is
a) An art
b) Self-taught
c) Trial and error
d) Teacher taught
e) Learned through homework
f) Both b and c |
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Definition
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