Term
|
Definition
(association neurons)
integration between motor and sensory neurons
nerve impulses travel from one area of CNS to another area of CNS
axon, cell body and dendrites all in CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point of close proximity between two neurons and neuron and effector cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ of one neuron forms synapse with _____ or cell body of another neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuron carrying nerve impulse toward synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neuron carrying nerve impulse away from synapse
receives info at the synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| effector cell receives impulse at synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
connected by gap junctions
transmission is rapid
less common
synchronizes activity of groups of cells
location: cardiac and smooth muscle, embryonic neurons, few regions of adult brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
connect cytosol of adjacent neurons
allows ions and small molecules to pass from one neuron to next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neurons do not touch
Neurotransmitter must diffuse across space between presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fluid filled space separating axon terminal of presynaptic neuron from:
-PM of postsynaptic neuron(cell body or dendrite)
-PM of postsynaptic cell (effector)
prevents electrical signals from passing directly from neuron to neuron |
|
|
Term
| resting membrane potential |
|
Definition
electrical difference across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron
measured in voltage
maintained by the sodium-potassium pump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy difference in RMP is due to separation of _____ and _____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only ___ and ____ alter their membrane potential as a result of stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separation of oppositely charged molecules is a form of ______ energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| average for resting potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in RMP, carrier protein transports ions against concentration gradient using ATP. This is known as ____ ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In RMP:
____ diffuses into cell, while _____ diffuses out of cell through LEAKAGE channels in plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two types of signals produced by change in membrane potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
incoming signals
travel short distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
outgoing signals
travel long distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inside of plasma membrane becomes less negative than RMP
cell is less polarized
(-70mV)-->(-35mV)-->(0 mV)-->(30mV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inside of plasma membrane becomes more negative than RMP
cell is more polarized
(-70mV)--> (-90mV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inside of plasma membrane returns to RMP
internal negativity or polarization is restored
(30mV)-->(0mV)-->(-35mV)-->(-70mV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential
depolarization or hyperpolarization that occurs on dendrite or cell body of neuron
decreases in magnitude with distance
magnitude varies with strength of distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stronger the stimulus, the more ____ channels, and the farther the graded potential travels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degree of polarization is determined by amount of ___ entering cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| greater the ______, the farther the graded potential can travel before dying out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triggered by a change in the neuron environment-->stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(in graded potentials)
Na enters the cell, moving down concentration gradient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
time during which a THRESHOLD STIMULUS can NOT produce an action potential
Na+ channels are closed and will NOT open despite strength of stimulus
RMP is being restored
Ensures 2nd AP will not occur before 1st has finished |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
movement of AP is much faster in myelinated axons
myelin sheath prevents contact with ECF
only Nodes of Ranvier are exposed to ECF
Voltage-gated Na+ channels are concentrated at Nodes
AP generated only at nodes and jump from node to node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| myelin sheath prevents contact with ______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only this is exposed to the ECF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refractory period is time in which the ______ _____ can NOT produce an action potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is an action potential that occurs on an axon? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with axon terminal plasma membrane
(occurs at synaptic cleft) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft via ______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to ____ _____ on plasma membrane of postsynaptic neuron/cell |
|
|
Term
excitatory postsynaptic potential
inhibitory postsynaptic potential |
|
Definition
| two types of postsynaptic potentials (GPs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GPs is depolarization or hyperpolarization that occurs on ____ or _____ of the neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cat: GP
ion channels only open at site of _____ ______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occur at maximum levels or not at all |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single EPSP is not strong enough to generate an action potential so it must ____ to generate ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one or more presynaptic neurons must release NT in rapid succession.
first NT produces small EPSP
before EPSP dissipates, more NT is released |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| postsynaptic neuron stimulated by NT released from many axon terminals at same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NTs that are:
inhibitory or excitatory
released by all neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle
released by some neurons of ANS |
|
|
Term
norepinephrine
and epinephrine |
|
Definition
NTs that are:
excitatory or inhibitory
released in both CNS and PNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two types of neural circuits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neuronal circuit:
one neuron stimulates increasing numbers of neurons (amplifying) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neuronal circuit:
results in either strong stimulation or inhibition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
molecule binds to receptor protein in place of NT and excites or inhibits postsynaptic neuron
mimics effects of NT (many illegal drugs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecule binds to receptor protein in place of NT but results in No effect (many poisons) |
|
|
