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Definition
| Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others. For example, scratching an insect bite relieves the itch. |
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| A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers; sometimes called secondary or learned reinforcer. |
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| Generalized conditioned reinforcer |
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Definition
| A stimulus change that, as a result of having been paired with many other punishers, functions as punishment under most conditions because it is free from the control of motivating conditions for specific types of punishment. |
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Definition
| Occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions. |
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| A stimulus whose presentation or onset functions as a reinforcement. |
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Definition
A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as a reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior |
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Definition
| Refers to a variety of direct, empiracle methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and measuring their effectiveness as reinforcers. |
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| Response-deprivation hypothesis |
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Definition
| A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents a restriction of the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement |
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Term
| Stimulus preference assessment |
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Definition
| A variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference values (high versus low) of those stimuli, the conditions under which those preference values remain in effect, and there presumed value as reinforcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism's learning history with the stimulus. Unconditioned reinforcers are the product of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny). Also called primary or unlearned reinforcer. |
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