Term
| an enlarged liver with a smooth tender edge suggests |
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Definition
| inflammation such as hepatitis, or venous congestion, as in right sided heart failure, |
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Term
| an enlarged liver that is firm or hard and has an irregular edge or surface suggests |
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Definition
malignancy.
there may be one or more nodules. the liver may or may not be tender. |
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Term
| in some people, especially those with a lanky build the liver tends to be |
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Definition
| elongated so that the right lobe is easily palpable as it projects downward towards the iliac crest. |
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Term
| such an elongation of the liver is sometimes called |
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Definition
Riedel's lobe.
represents a variation in shape, not an increase in liver volume or size.
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Term
this finding is common when the diaphragm is low. (COPD). the liver edge may be readily palpable well below the costal margin.
Percussion, however, reveals a low upper edge also, and the vertical span of the liver is normal. |
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Definition
| Downward Displacement of the LIver by a Low Diaphragm. |
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Term
| this most often involves the sigmoid colon and then resembles a left sided appendicitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| epigastric tenderness and rebound tenderness are usually present, but the abdominal wall maybe soft. |
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Definition
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Term
| signs are maximal in the RUQ. Check for murphy's sign |
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Definition
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Term
Right lower quadrant signs are typical of actue appendicitis but may be absent early in the course.
explore other portions of the right lower quadrant as wel as theright flank. |
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Definition
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Term
tenderness associated with peritoneal inflammation is more severe than visceral tenderness. Muscular ridigity and rebound tenderness are frquently but not necessairly present.
generalized peritonitis can cause exquisitie tenderness throughout the abdomen, together with border like muscular rigidity. |
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Definition
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Term
frequently bilateral, the tenderness is usually maximal just above the inguinal ligaments.
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Definition
actue salpingitis
on pelvic examination, motion of the uterus causes pain. |
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Term
unilateral or bilateral upper or lower abdomen.
abdominal pain and tendernes may represent this. when unilateral, it may mimic actue cholecystitis or appendicitis.
rebound tenderness and rigidity are less common; chest signs are usually present. |
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Definition
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Term
| tenderness may originate in the abdominal wall. when the patient raises the head and shoulders, this tenderness persists. |
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Definition
| abdominal wall tenderness |
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Term
| wheras tenderness from a deeper lesion (protected by tightened muscles) decreases. |
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Definition
| abdominal wall tenderness |
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Term
| usually the discomfort is dull with no muscular rigidity or rebound tenderness. |
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Definition
visceral tenderness
a reasurring explanation to thepatient may prove quite helpful. |
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Term
these are grating sounds with respriatory variation.
they indicate inflammation of the peritoneal surface of an organ, as in liver cancer, chlamydial or gonococcal perihepatitis, recent liver biopsy, or splenic infarct.
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Definition
friction rubs
*when a systolic bruit accompanies a hepatic friction rub, suspect carcinoma of the liver. |
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Term
| it is a soft humming noise with both systolic an diastolic components. It indicates increased collateral circulation between portal and systemic venous systems, as in hepatic cirrhosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| this type of bruit suggests carcinoma of the liver and or alcoholic hepatitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| this type of bruit with both systolic and diastolic components suggests partial occlusion of the aorta or large arteries. partial occlusion of a renal artery may explain hypertension. |
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Definition
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Term
| these sounds are increased in early intestinal obstruction. |
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Definition
| bowel obstruction or diarrhea |
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Term
| these sounds are decreased, then absent, as in |
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Definition
adynamic ileus and peritontis.
sit down and listen for 2 min or longer to see if sounds are absent. |
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