Chapter 11 Lesson 3 

POLIS: A Greek city-state such as Athens and Sparta.

Most city-states were small.

ARISTOCRACY: An upper class or nobility.

OLIGARCHY: A government that is controlled by the few with the basis of power often being wealth.

Chapter 11 Lesson 3 Vocabulary

TYRANT: A ruler who has taken power illegally and rulers without restriction.

CITIZEN: A person who is loyal to a particular government and entitle to be protected by the government.

DEMOCRACY:  A government in which citizens make political decisions.

Chapter 11 Lesson 4 Vocabulary

ATHENS: A city-state of ancient Greece, which reaches its greatest cultural achievement in the 5th century BC it is the capital of the largest city of modern Greece.

SPARTA:An ancient Greek city-state of the Peloponnesus noted for the militarism.

HELOT: An agricultural slave in ancient Sparta.

Chapter 11 Lesson 4 vocabulary

BARRACKS: A group of buildings used to house soldiers.

MARATHON: A plain in ancient Greece northeast of Athens.

Chapter 12 Lesson 1 Vocabulary

1-Pericles: A leader of ancient Athens who send out to strengthen democracy and expand the Athenian empire

2-Direct Democracy: A form of democracy in which citizens participate directly in running the government.

Chapter 12 Lesson 1 vocabulary

3-Delian League:  An alliance of Greek city-states formed at the end of the Persian War to protect Athens and its overseas allies.

4-Acropolis: A fortified high place on an ancient Greek city, which contained important temples, monuments and buildings.

5-Parthenon: A temple of the Greek goddess Athenia, built in the fifth century B.C on the acropolis of Athens.

Chapter 12 Lesson 2 Vocabulary

Peloponnesian War: A war between Athens and Peloponnesian league led by Sparta which ended with a Spartan victory in 404 B.C

Plague: A disease that spreads very easily and usually causes death affecting a significant portion of a population.

Truce: A temporary agreement to stop fighting.

Chapter 12 Lesson 3 Vocabulary

1-Catapult: A military machine that wa used to hurl stones at enemy forces and city walls.

2-Alexander the Great: The son of Philip who took over the job of a king after his father’s assassination. Alexander was only 20 years old and he continue his dads plans of creating an empire. He died at the age of 32. Even though he was very young, he manage to create a great empire.

Chapter 12 Lesson 3 Vocabulary

3-Hellenistic: The blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian styles and customs.

4-Alexandria: The most famous of the Hellenistic cities founded in 2332 B.C. was in important center of learning until the second century. A library there contained major collections of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, Hebrew and other texts.

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

WHO IS ALEXANDER THE GREAT?

=A king of Macedonia from 336 to 323 B.C. who conquered parts of Asia and Egypt spreading Greek culture throughout his Empire. He got credit for making Hellenistic culture.

Who is Pericles?

=A leader of ancient Athens set out to strengthen democracy and expand the Athenian Empire. 

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

Who is Plato?

=I was the brightest student Socrates ever had. I'm a well known author of the Republic. I believe the best government is ruled by a wise, clam, responsible king.

Who was Phillip the second?

=He was king of Macedonia and created the catapult (is a military machine used to hurl stones at enemy forces) and conquered Greece.

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

Who is Socrates?

=One of the most distinguish philosopher. thought students to question their beliefs by using a question and answer style.

Who is Cleopatra?

=Is the ruler of Egypt and most powerful woman in history.

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

What did Pericles mean by Everyone is Equal before the law?

=The wealthy has the same power as the poor when you have the ability to show what a man possesses and not a membership of a particular class. 

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

How did Athens break the truce with Sparta?

=After the war Athens went to a war with Sicily and got destroy when they came back Sparta caught them and killed them.

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

What were the events that lead up to the Peloponnesian war?

=Formed the Delian League (DL) money to build a navy and move the money to Athens.

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

What were Pericles 3 goals for Athens?

=1-To Strengthen Athens Democracy.

2-To hold and strengthen the empire.

3-To glorify Athens.

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

Define Hellenistic?

=The blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian styles and customs.

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

How did Cleopatra regain her power?

=She teamed up with Caesar to regain her power from her brother.

What was the purpose of the Delian League?

=PROTECTION

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

Why did the other city-state feared Athens?

=Grew power conquered other city-states and had a strong navy.

Why did Alexander stopped conquering?

=Because his army wanted to go home and were tired of fighting for 11 years.

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

What did Pericles do that angered the city-states?

=Pericles took the city-state money to glorify Athens.

Why did Athens hide in the city?

=Because Athens were bad on land and for protection.

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

What was Sparta's military plan? Athens?

=Attack Athens crops Sparta was able to leave because there city state was not near water.

Who won the Peloponnesian war and how long did it take?

=Sparta won because after Athens signed the truce they went in war got destroyed and Sparta caught them and destroyed them again and took 27 years.   

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 11&12

Why was Alexandria the most famous Hellenistic city?

=They had schools library museums and light house 

List the areas Alexander the great conquered.

=persia,Indus river,Anatolia,Egypt persepolis.