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Definition
| An enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to a chemical signal. |
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Definition
| an intracellular protein to which calcium binds in its function as a second messanger in hormone action |
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Term
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Definition
| Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a ring-shaped molecule made from ATP that is a common intracellular signaling molecule (second messenger) in eukaryotic cells (for example, in vertebrate endocrine cells). It is also a regulator of some bacterial operons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A second messenger produced by the cleavage of a certain kind of phospholipid in the plasma membrane. |
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Term
| G-protein-linked receptor |
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Definition
| A signal receptor protein in the plasma membrane that responds to the binding signal molecule by activating a G protein. |
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Definition
| In multicellular organisms, one of many types of circulating chemical signals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells to change their functioning. |
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Term
| inositol trisphosphate (IP3) |
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Definition
| A second messenger that functions as an intermediate between certain nonsteroid hormones and a third messenger, a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein pore in the plasma membrane that opens or closes in response to a chemical signal, allowing or blocking the flow of specific ions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical messenger that influences cells in the vicinity. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein. |
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Definition
| An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from proteins, often functioning to reverse the effect of a protein kinase. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of large relay protein to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached to increase the efficiency of signal transduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as calcium ion or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell’s interior in response to a signal received by a signal receptor protein. |
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Term
| signal transduction pathway |
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Definition
| A mechanism linking a mechanical or chemical stimulus to a specific cellular response. |
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Term
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Definition
| A receptor protein in the plasma membrane that responds to the binding of a signal molecule by catalyzing the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosines on the cytoplasmic side of the receptor. The phosphorylated tyrosines activate other signal transduction proteins within the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to the amino acid tyrosine on a substrate protein. |
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