Term
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Definition
a type of computing system that executes programs, each of which is
submitted in its entirety, can be grouped into batches, and executed without external
intervention. |
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Term
| Central Processing Unit (CPU) |
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Definition
a component with circuitry to control the interpretation
and execution of instructions. |
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Term
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Definition
a multifaceted technology that allows computing, data storage and
retrieval and other computer functions to take place over a large network, typically the
Internet. |
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Term
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Definition
the section of the operating system responsible for controlling the
use of devices. It monitors every device, channel, and control unit and chooses the
most efficient way to allocate all of the system’s devices. |
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Term
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Definition
dedicated computer system that often is part of a
larger physical system, such as jet aircraft or automobiles. Often, it must be small,
fast, and able to work with real-time constraints, fail-safe execution, and nonstandard
I/O devices. |
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Term
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Definition
the section of the operating system responsible for controlling the use
of files. |
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Term
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Definition
software instructions or data that are stored in a fixed or “firm” way, usually
implemented on some type of read only memory (ROM). |
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Term
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Definition
the tangible machine and its components, including main memory, I/O
devices, I/O channels, direct access storage devices, and the central processing unit. |
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Term
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Definition
| a computer system that supports both batch and interactive processes. |
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Term
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Definition
a system that allows each user to interact directly with the operating
system. |
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Term
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Definition
the primary part of the operating system that remains in random access memory
(RAM) and is charged with performing the system’s most essential tasks, such as
managing main memory and disk access. |
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Term
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Definition
the memory unit that works directly with the CPU and in which the
data and instructions must reside in order to be processed. Also called primary storage,
RAM, or internal memory. |
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Term
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Definition
the historical name given to a large computer system characterized by its
large size, high cost, and relatively fast performance. |
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Term
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Definition
the section of the operating system responsible for controlling the
use of memory. It checks the validity of each request for memory space, and if it’s a legal request, allocates the amount needed to execute the job. |
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Term
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Definition
when two or more CPUs share the same main memory, most I/O
devices, and the same control program routines. They service the same job stream and execute distinct processing programs concurrently. |
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Term
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Definition
a technique that allows a single processor to process several programs
residing simultaneously in main memory and interleaving their execution by
overlapping I/O requests with CPU requests. |
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Term
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Definition
a system of interconnected computer systems and peripheral devices that
exchange information with one another. |
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Term
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Definition
the primary software on a computing system that manages its
resources, controls the execution of other programs, and manages communications
and data storage. |
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Term
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Definition
| a composite of two submanagers, the Job Scheduler and the Process Scheduler, which decides how to allocate the CPU. |
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Term
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Definition
| random access memory. See main memory. |
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Term
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Definition
a computing system used in time-critical environments that require
guaranteed response times, such as navigation systems, rapid transit systems, and industrial control systems. |
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Term
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Definition
a node that provides to clients various network services, such as file retrieval,
printing, or database access services. |
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Term
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Definition
the place where data is stored in the computer system. Primary storage is main
memory. Secondary storage is nonvolatile media, such as disks and flash memory. |
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