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| A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. |
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| A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, present in protists, plants, fungi, and animals; also called eukaryote. |
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| An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system |
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| A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). |
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| The complete complement of an organism's genes; an organism's genetic material. |
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| A taxonomic category above the kingdom level; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. |
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| One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being the Archaea. |
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| One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being the Bacteria. |
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| An organism whose cells contain membraine-bound organelles and whose DNA is enclosed in a cell nucleus and is associated with proteins. |
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| All the eukaryotes, organisms with eukaryotic cells, are grouped into this domain. |
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| Differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment. Evolution occurs when natural selection causes changes in relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool. |
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| A temporary working explanation or supposition based on accumulated facts and suggesting some general principle or relation of cause and effect; a postulated solution to a scientific problem that must be tested and if not validated, discarded. |
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| A generalization based on many observations and experiments; a verified hypothesis. |
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| One that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group. |
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| The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits. |
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| The application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research. |
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| All of the environment on earth that supports life |
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| Consists of all the organisms living in a particular area as well as the physical components with which the organisms interact such as air soil water and sunlight |
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| The entire array of organisms in an ecosystem |
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| Includes all the individuals of a particular species living in an area |
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| An individual living thing such as an alligator |
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| Consists of several organs that cooperate in a specific function and example is the circulatory system or nervous system |
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| A specialized structure composed of several different types of tissue that together perform specific functions |
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| An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both |
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| A basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structure unit of life |
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| A membrane-enclosed structure that performs a specific function within a cell |
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| A cluster of small chemical units called atoms held together by chemical bonds |
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| New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases |
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