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| An organization of people with shared policy goals entering the policy process at serval points to try to achieve those goals. |
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| Theory: that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies. |
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| Theory: societies are divided along class lines and that an upperclass elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization. |
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| Theory: Groups are so strong that government is weakened. |
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Network of groups within the American political system that exercise a great deal of control over specific policy areas.
Also known as Iron Triangles
Composed of interest group leaders interested in a particular policy. |
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| All the people who might be interest group members because they share some common interest. |
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| Part of a potential group consisting of members who join. |
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| Something of value (money, a tax write-off, prestige, clean air, etc) that cannot be withheld from a group member. |
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Faced by unions and other groups when people do not join because they can benefit from the group's activities without officially joining.
The bigger the group, the more serious the problem. |
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| Principle stating that "the larger the group, the further it will fall short of providing an optimal amount of collective good." |
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| Olson's law of large groups |
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| Goods (such as info publications, travel discounts, and group insurance rates) that a group can restrict to those who pay their annual dues. |
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| Groups with narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership from people new to politics. |
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| Lester Milbrath: "communication, by someone other than a citizen acting on his own behalf, directed to a governmental decision maker with the hope of influencing his decision" |
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| Group can help fund campaigns, provide testimony, and get members to work for candidates, and some form of PACs. |
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| Corporation, union, or some other interest group can create and register with the Federal Election Commission (FEC). |
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| Political Action Committees (PACs) |
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| Purpose of raising additional points of view and presenting info not contained in the briefs of the formal parties. |
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| Lawsuits permitting a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated |
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| A provision found in some collective bargaining agreements requiring all employees of a business to join the union within a short period, usually 30 days, and to remain members as a condition of employment. |
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State law forbidding requirements that workers must join a union to hold their jobs.
Specifically permitted by the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 |
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| Jeffrey Berry: organizations that seek "a collective good, the achievement of which will not selectively and materially benefit the membership or activities of the organization" |
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