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Definition
| An individual's relative social position or rank within a group |
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Definition
| Rules within a group indicating how its members should (or should not) behave |
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Definition
| Once individuals occupy a specific position in a group there are aexpected associated behaviors |
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| Sanctions (positive or negative) |
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Definition
| Actions that reward those who follow the norms or actions that reprove or punish those who do not folow |
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Term
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Definition
| degree to which individuals and groups are enmeshed together |
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Term
| Cultures high on embeddedness |
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Definition
| focus on internal group solidarity, shared goals, way of life in which they resist actions interrupting their in-group solidarity and not particularly concerned for those in out group |
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Term
| The more embedded culture is... |
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Definition
| Less likely to help strangers |
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Term
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Definition
| importance of acheivement and initiative are stress in which type of culture? |
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Definition
| More emphasis placed on belonging to groups in individualistic or collectivist cultures? |
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Definition
| A belief that traditional westerners lack and that Buddhism and Taoism hold to: that all living things are... |
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Term
| Independent cultures feel the use of social support to cope with stressful events... |
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Definition
| have less to gain personally and could lose more socially by calling out for help |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic activity and helping behavior are... |
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Term
Social facillation
(Is also a cross-cultural phenomenon) |
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Definition
| Effects on performance resulting from presence of another |
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Term
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Definition
| social influence in which individuals change their attitudes and/or behaviors to adhere to existing social norms (going along with the group) |
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Term
| Even where there are no sanctions (positive or negative reinforcement) people still go along with the group |
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Definition
| Ashe's study on conformity showed... |
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Term
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Definition
| One thing that seems to lessen or reduce conformity |
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Term
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Definition
| When conformity is motivated directly by desire to gain reward or avoid punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| Conformity universal across all cultures? |
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Term
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Definition
| Correlation between individualism and conformity |
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Term
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Definition
| When a person simply follows orders given y another |
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Term
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Definition
| Correlation between power distance and obedience |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of members of groups to adhere to shared views so strongly that they ignore information inconsistent with those views |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of group members to shift as result of group discussion, toward more extreme positions than those they initially held |
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Term
Social loafing
(Not universal) |
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Definition
| tendency of some group members to exert less effort on a task than they would if working alone |
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Term
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Definition
| form of social interaction in which individuals or groups coordinate their behavior to reach shared goals |
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Term
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Definition
| form of social interaction in which individuals attempt to maximize their own outcomes, often at the expense of others |
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Term
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Definition
| process through which some individualls influence other group members toward attainment of specific group goal or activity |
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Term
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Definition
| leader makes all decisions; roles assigned to group members and deviation from roles or rules in punishable |
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Term
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Definition
| leader doesn't exercise control over group and only gives general instructions and advice. Group members act on their own |
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Term
Democratic
(most effective) |
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Definition
| leader makes decisions after consulting with group members; positive and negative sanctions equally equatable |
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