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We live in a borderless world. |
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Neo-liberals on the right. It is the solution to the world's economic problems and inequality. |
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The ideology of free and efficient markets regardless of national boundaries. |
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On the left. It is the problem, not the solution. It intensifies inequalities. |
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Prior to 1914s. Arm's length trade in goods and services between the independent firms and through international movements of portfolio capital and relatively simple direct investment. |
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Organized between geographically extensive and complex global production networks. |
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Geographically concentrated economic activities with varying degrees of functional integration. |
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Internationalizing Processes |
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Simple geographical spread of economic activities across national boundaries with low levels of functional integration. |
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Both extensive geographical spread and also a high degree of functional integration. |
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The operations of "globalizing" processes at a more geographically limited (but supranational) scare, ranging from the highly integrated and expanding EU to much smaller regional economic agreements. |
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Functional integration of economic activities across national borders. |
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Implies some sort of dependency. |
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