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| A proces that destroys all viable microbes, including viruses and endospores; microbicidal. |
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| Devoid of microbes, viruses, and endospores. |
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| A process to destroy vegetative pathogens, not endospores; used on inanimate objects. |
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| Disinfectants applied directly to exposed body surfaces. |
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| Any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microbes. |
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| The act of preforming sanitization. |
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| Agent that destroys a fungus. |
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| Agent that destroys microbes and bacteria. |
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| Heat is applied to kill potential agents of infection and spoilage without destroying the food flavor or value. |
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| Act of preserving something for later use. |
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| Any processor or agent that inhibits bacterial growth. |
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| Any processor or agent that inhibits bacterial growth. |
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| The state of putrefaction; the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in tissue or blood. |
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| A condition free of viable pathogenic microorganisms. |
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| The inability for microbes to reproduce in optimal conditions. |
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| (TDT) The shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature. |
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| (TDP) The lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes. |
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Definition
| Intermittent sterilization for substances that cannot withstand autoclaving. It is at 100 degrees C or less. |
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| End of the cell growth due to lack of nutrition, depletion of environment, and accumulation of wastes. Population of cells begins to die. |
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| Freeze-drying; the separation of a dissolved solid from the solvent by freezing the solution and evacuating the solvent under vacuum. A means of preserving the viability of cultures. |
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| A medicinal substance dissolved in an alcoholic solvent. |
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| Of or containing water, typically as a solvent or medium. |
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| The action or process of filtering something. |
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| A combination of iodine and an organic carrier that is a moderate-level disinfectant and antiseptic. |
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| What size filter pore is commonly used to filter out microbes from fluids? |
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Definition
Usually 0.2μm. This filters out all bacteria, fungal spores and many viruses.
A filter size of 0.45μm will filter out most bacteria. |
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| Why is moist heat more often used than dry heat in labs and food preparation? |
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Definition
It can sue lower temperatures and shorter exposure time; coagulation and denaturation of proteins.
Dry heat uses moderate to high temperatures and longer exposure time; dehydration, alters protein structure; incineration. |
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| What factors influence the effectiveness of a particular microbial killing agent? |
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Definition
-# of microbes
-# of microbes in the population
-The temperature and pH of the environment
-The concentration or dosage of the agent
-The mode of action of the agent
-The presence of solvents, organic mater, or inhibitors |
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| What are High-level germicides? |
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Definition
Purpose: kill endospores; may be sterilants.
-Used on devices that are not heat sterilizable and intended to be used in sterile environments and on critical items, (used in body tissue).
-These will be sterilants. |
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| What are Intermediate-level germicides? |
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Definition
Purpose: kill fungal spores (not endospores), tubercle bacillus, and viruses.
-Used to disinfect devices that will come into contact with mucous membranes, but are not invasive. (semi-critical items) |
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| What are Low-level germicides? |
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Definition
Purpose: emilimate only vegetative bacteria, vevitative fungal cells, and some viruses.
-Used to clean surfaces that touch skin but not mucous membranes. (non-critical items) |
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Term
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Definition
These are items that come into direct contact with body tissues inside the skin.
-Examples: needles, scalpels, biopsy tools, and anything that can come into tissues beneath the skin.
-These items must be sterilized. |
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| What are Semi-critical items? |
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Definition
These are items that come into contact with mucous membranes, but do not touch tissues below the epithelial layer.
-Examples: endoscopes, endotracheal tubes, tongue depressors, etc.
-These items must be free of viruses, and bacteria, but a few endospores won't get through the mucous membrane. |
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| What are Non-critical items? |
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Definition
These are items that only touch the skin, i.e. not much risk.
-These items need to be disinfected. |
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Term
| What is the 1st of 4 modes of action of antimicrobial agents and which types of agents act with this mode? |
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Definition
Cell Wall: if the cell wall becomes fragile, then the cell will lyse.
-Agents: some detergents, alcohol, and various drugs. |
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| What is the 2nd of 4 modes of action of antimicrobial agents and which types of agents act with this mode? |
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Definition
Cell Membrane: surfactants reduce the surface tension of membranes and cause lysis. Most soaps just wash away microbes.
-Agents: detergents, alcohols. |
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| What is the 3rd of 4 modes of action of antimicrobial agents and which types of agents act with this mode? |
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Definition
Cellular Synthetic Processes (DNA, RNA): prevention of replication, transcription.
-Agents: some antimicrobial drugs, radiation, formaldehyde, and ethylene oxide. |
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| What is the 4th of 4 modes of action of antimicrobial agents and which types of agents act with this mode? |
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Definition
Proteins: interfere at ribosomes to prevent translation, disrupt or denature proteins.
-Agents: alcohols, phenols, acids, aldehydes, heat, and heavy metals. |
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| What is a standard autoclaving temperature and pressure? |
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Definition
| Experience has shown that the most efficient pressure temperature combination for achieving sterilization is 15 psi, with yields 121 degrees C. |
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