Term
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Definition
| A persons characteristic pattern of behaving, thinking or feeling |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud's term for his theory of personality and his therapy for treating psychological disorders |
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Freud's Theory Of Personality
Name the three Levels of Awareness |
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Definition
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
Thoughts, feelings, sensations, or memories of which a person is aware of at any given moment |
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Term
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Definition
| Thoughts, feelings, or memories that a person is not consciously aware of but may easily be brought back to consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| For Freud, the primary motivator in behavior. Contains repressed memories as well as instincts, wishes, and desires that have never been conscious. |
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Term
Freuds theory of personality
Name the three concept systems |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Presented at birth; inherited
Unconscious system of personality
Contains life & death instincts
Operates on the pleasure principal; source of libido |
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Term
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Definition
Draws energy from the ID
Logical & Rational
Conscious personality
Operates on reality principal |
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Term
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Definition
Formed when a child is five or six years old
Judges behavior, thoughts, feelings and wishes
Moral system of personality
Has two parts |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the superego? |
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Definition
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Term
| Conscience - 1 Part of the Superego |
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Definition
| The behaviors a child has been punished for and feels guilty about. |
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Term
| Ego Ideal - 1 part of the superego |
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Definition
| The behaviors for which a child has been rewarded for, or which he feels satisfaction and pride |
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Term
The ____ demand for pleasure is often in conflict with the _____ moral system. The ____ needs to defend itself from the excessive demands of the ____ and the harsh judgements of the _____. |
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Definition
The ID's demand for pleasure is often in conflict with the SuperEgo moral system. The Ego needs to defend itself from the excessive demands of the ID and the harsh judgements of the SuperEgo. |
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Term
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Definition
| Means used by the Ego to fight against anxiety and to maintain self esteem. |
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Term
| Defense Mechanism - Repression |
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Definition
The most common form of defense mechanism.
Removes painful memories from the conscious and puts them in the unconscious. |
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Term
| Defense Mechanism - Denial |
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Definition
The refusal to admit the truth.
Ex. An alcoholic will refuse to admit they have a problem. |
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Term
Defense Mechanism - Displacement |
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Definition
Finding a safe target.
Ex. Boss yells at man --> Man yells at wife --> Wife yells at son --> Son can't yell at anyone so he goes and kicks the neighborhood cat to take out his anger |
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Term
| Defense Mechanism - Sublimation |
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Definition
Re-Channeling Energies
Ex. A sick man wants to cut people, instead he becomes a surgeon so he can save lives while cutting people |
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Term
| Freud thought the _______ instinct was the most important factor in determining ones personality. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Freud's 5 psychosexual stages? |
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Definition
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital |
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Term
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Definition
From Birth to 1 year old
Weaning - Oral grafitication of using the mouth
Adult traits who have problems in this stage -
Optimism/Pessimism
Gullibility
Dependance
Hositility |
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Term
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Definition
From 1 to 3 years old
Toilet Training
Adult traits who have problems at this stage-
Excessive cleanliness
Orderly
Messy
Rebellious
Destructive |
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Term
| Phallic Pyschosexual stage |
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Definition
From 3 to 5 years old
Sexual curiousity
Masurbation
Oedipal Conflict
Adult traits who have problems at this stage-
Flitaciousness
Sluttyness
Chastity |
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Term
| Latency Pyschosexual stage |
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Definition
From 5 years old until Puberty
Sexual calm - interest in hobbies, school, and same sex friends
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Term
| Genital Pyschosexual stage |
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Definition
From Puberty - On
Revival of sexual interests
Establishing mature sexual relationships |
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Term
| Fixation (Pyschosexual stages) |
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Definition
If one stage isn't readily resolved, a child will develop this.
A portion of the libido stays at one stage, not leaving enough for the challenges of future stages. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the Phallic stage, a conflict in which the child is sexually attracted to the opposite-sex parent and has hostility toward the same-sex parent |
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Term
Name three Neo-Freudian's |
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Definition
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Term
Jung's theory -
When does personality develop?
What are the three main parts? |
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Definition
Jung believed personality develops in Middle Age
The Ego
Personal Unconscious
Collective Unconscious
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Term
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Definition
| Conscious component of personality which carries out normal daily activities. |
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Term
Jung's Theory
Personal Unconscious |
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Definition
| Layer of unconscious that contains all of the thoughts, perceptions, and experiences accessible to the conscious, as well as repressed memories, wishes, and impulses. |
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Term
Jung's Theory
Collective Unconscious |
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Definition
| The most inacessible layer of the unconscious, which contains the universal experiences of human kind throughout evolution. |
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Term
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Definition
Exists in the collective unconscious
An inherited tendency to respond to universal human situations in particular ways. |
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Term
| Adler's Theory of Personality |
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Definition
Emphasized the unity of personality. Not separate components like the ID, Ego, or SuperEgo
Thought the drive to overcome feelings of inferiority in our childhood motivates behavior. |
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Term
Adler's Theory of Personality
What are his two theories? |
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Definition
Inferiority Complex
Individual Pyschology |
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Term
Adler's Theory of Personality
Inferiority complex |
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Definition
| Inferiority feelings are so strong they prevent personal development |
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Term
Adler's Theory of Personality
Individual Psychology |
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Definition
| A conscious, self-aware component of an individuals personality |
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Term
| Karen Horney's Theory of personality |
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Definition
| Thought many womens psychological difficulties arise from the failure to live up to an idealized version of themselves. |
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Behaviorists
Name the two behaviorists |
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Definition
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Term
| Bandura's theory of personality |
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Definition
| Believed cognitive factors, individuals behaviors and external environment are all linked to one another. |
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Term
Bandura's theory of personality
Reciprocal Determinism |
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Definition
| Concept of mutual influential relationship of cognitive factors, individuals behavior, and external environment |
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Term
Bandura's theory of personality
Self-Efficacy |
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Definition
The perception of a person
People with high self-efficacy approach new situations confidently, set high goals, and persist in their efforts.
People with low self-efficacy expect failure and avoid challenges. |
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Term
Rotter's theory of personality
Locust of Control |
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Definition
| Concept of a cognitive factor that explains for how people account for what happens in their lives - either seeing themselves as internal locust of control or external locust of control |
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Term
Rotter's theory of personality
Interal locust of control |
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Definition
| Primarily in control of their own behaviors and their consequences |
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Term
Rotter's theory of personality
External Locust of Control |
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Definition
| Percieving what happens to them as fate, luck, or chance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Maslows theory of personality |
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Definition
| Motivational factors are the root to personality. |
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Term
Maslows theory of personality
Self-Actualization |
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Definition
Developing ones self to full potential
Self-Actualizers live their lives for the greater good of things
Frequently have peak experiences (experiences of great meaning) |
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Term
Roger's theory of personality
Conditions of worth |
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Definition
Conditions on which the positive regaurd of others |
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Term
Roger's theory of personality
Unconditional Positive Regaurd |
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Definition
Unqualified caring non-judgmental acceptance of another.
Thought pyschiatrists should give this to the client so they bring the person back to tune with themselves. |
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Term
Trait Theorists
Name three |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
People inherit given materials for traits
They are then shaped by their experiences |
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Term
Allport's trait theory
Cardinal Trait |
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Definition
Such a strong trait a person has they may be known for just that |
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Term
Allport's trait theory
Centrail Trait |
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Definition
| A trait that for example might be used in a letter of recommendation. |
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Term
Cattell's trait theory
Surface Trait |
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Definition
Observable qualities of a personality |
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Term
Cattell's trait theory
Source Trait |
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Definition
| Underlying personality factors, intelligence for example, everyone has it, but it differs from person to person. |
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Term
Eysenck's trait theory
Name two dimensions |
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Definition
Extroversion vs. Introversion
Neuroticism |
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Term
Eysenck's trait theory
Extroversion vs. Introversion |
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Definition
Extroversion: Socialable, Outgoing
Introversion: Withdrawn and quiet |
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Term
Eysenck's trait theory
Neuroticism |
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Definition
Emotional Stability: Calm, even tempered
vs.
Emotional Instability: Anxious, Easily-Distressed |
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Term
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Definition
Personality is described using five broad dimensions, contrasting people
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Term
Five Factor Theory
Name the Five factors |
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Definition
1. Extroversion: Outgoing or quiet?
2. Neuroticism: Calm or Anxious?
3. Conscientiousness: Reliable and hardworking or lazy and impulsive?
4. Agreeableness: Pleasant and Good Natured or Argumentable and Agressive
5. Openness to Experience: Broad Minded or Narrow Interests? |
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Term
Debates in personality theories
Situation-Trait Debate |
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Definition
Do situations you're in describe your personality? Or do core traits?
Ex. If you see a stranger drop a wad of cash, do you tell him or not?
This is certainly not the same as robbing a bank but its still stealing if you take it. Does this describe your personality or does the core trait of honesty? |
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Term
| Individualism/Collectivism Dimension |
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Definition
A measure of culture's emphasis on either individual achievement or social relationships.
Ex. America is different from China in what is good to achieve and not achieve |
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Term
Objective Personality Tests
Name four |
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Definition
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Term
Objective personality tests
Inventory |
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Definition
| Questions about a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviors |
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Term
Objective personality tests
MMPI |
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Definition
Personality Inventory
Diagnoses psychiatric disorders |
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Term
Objective personality tests
CPI |
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Definition
| Used to assess normal personality |
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Term
Objective personality tests
MBTI |
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Definition
| Measures normal individual differences, based on Jung's theory of personality. Often used by career counselors. |
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Term
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Definition
TAT
Rorschach Inkblot Method |
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Term
Projective personality tests
TAT |
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Definition
Uses drawings of ambiguous situations which someone describes
Used to reveal inner thoughts, feelings, and motives |
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Term
Projective Personality Tests
Rorschach Inkblot Method |
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Definition
Someone describes inkblots to determine personality |
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