Term
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Definition
Affects skeletal muscle tissue several hours after death
Depletion of ATP in muscle fibers causes stiffness of joints
Crossbridges are stuck in bound position because there is no ATP to release them |
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Term
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Definition
Most skeletal muscles operate in a lever system
Levers allow more effort to be applied to a given load (or allow load to be moved farther) |
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Definition
| use of a lever to move an object |
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Definition
| rigid bar that moves on a fixed point, which is called a fulcrum |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| load is close to fulcrum and effort is far from fulcrum |
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Definition
| load is farther from fulcrum than effort |
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Definition
| When effort is farther from fulcrum than the load = advantage; when effort is nearer to the fulcrum than the load = disadvantage |
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Term
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Definition
Effort is applied at one end, and the load is at the other end
Fulcrum is somewhere in the middle
Examples: see-saw, car jack |
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Term
| First class lever anatomy example |
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Definition
| Posterior neck mm operate on the atlanto-occipital joint (fulcrum) to lift your chin up (load) |
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Term
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Definition
Effort is applied at one end, and fulcrum is at the other
Load is in between
Examples: Wheelbarrow |
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Term
| Second class lever anatomy example |
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Definition
| Your calf mm provide the effort to stand on your tip toes with your body weight acting as the load and your metatarsophalangeal as the fulcrum |
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Term
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Definition
Effort is applied between the load and the fulcrum
Effort is in the middle
Examples: tweezers, shovel |
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Term
| Third class lever anatomy example |
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Definition
| Most mm function as third class levers. The biceps brachii is exerting effort on the radial tuberosity with the elbow (fulcrum) remaining stationary and is able to lift the forearm and hand (load). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fascicle arrangement: Parallel |
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Definition
| axes of fascicles run parallel to muscle itself |
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Term
| Fascicle arrangement: Convergent |
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Definition
| muscle origin is broad, and fascicles converge toward a tendon of insertion |
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Term
| Fascicle arrangement: Pennate |
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Definition
| fascicles are short and attach obliquely to tendon that runs entire length of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| fascicles insert into one side of tendon |
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Term
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Definition
| fascicles insert into both sides of tendon |
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Term
| Pennate type: Multipennate |
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Definition
| several “feathers” present |
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Term
| Fascicle Arrangement: Circular |
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Definition
| fascicles arranged in concentric rings |
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Term
| Embryonic Development: Realize that due to embryonic rotation: Upper limb muscles |
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Definition
Anterior = Flexors
Posterior = Extensors |
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Term
| Embryonic Development: Realize that due to embryonic rotation: Lower limb muscles |
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Definition
Anterior = Extensors (dorsiflex at ankle)
Posterior = Flexors (plantar flex at ankle) |
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Term
| Actions of Skeletal Muscle: Agonist |
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Definition
Is the primary player in a given movement
Sometimes 2 muscles work together, both as agonists |
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Term
| Actions of Skeletal Muscle: Antagonist |
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Definition
| Opposes or reverses the movement of the agonist |
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| Actions of Skeletal Muscle: Synergist |
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Definition
Helps agonist by either providing additional force or by eliminating extra movements
Ex. Finger flexion |
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Term
| Actions of Skeletal Muscle: Fixator |
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Definition
| special kind of synergist that holds a bone in place to provide stable base for agonist |
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Term
| Naming on skeletal muscles: Determined by... |
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Definition
| Location, shape, relative muscle size, direction of fascicles and fibers, location of attachments, number or origins, action. |
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Term
| Neck (Sternocleidomastoid) |
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Definition
2 headed (sterno & cleido)
Agonist of head flexion when both act together
When acting alone will rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
Agonist of back extension
Consists of 3 muscle columns:
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis |
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Term
| Thorax(breathing): External intercostals |
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Definition
| Pull ribs toward each other to elevate rib cage, aids in inspiration |
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Term
| Thorax(breathing): Internal intercostals |
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Definition
| Draws ribs together and depresses rib cage, aids in forced expiration |
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Term
| Thorax(breathing): Diaphragm |
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Definition
| Prime mover of inspiration – flattens and moves inferiorly to increase intra-abdominal pressure |
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Definition
Posterior and superficial
Moves scapula – different fibers in different regions all can act on the scapula
Elevation and depression of shoulder |
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Definition
| Agonist of abduction, flexion, extension |
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Term
| Abdomen (Rectus abdominis) |
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Definition
Flex and rotate lumbar region, fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvis (used in sit-ups/curls)
“6 pack” muscle |
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Term
| Biceps brachii (Anterior compartment) |
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Definition
| Forearm supination and flexion – agonist |
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Term
| Triceps brachii (Posterior compartment) |
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Definition
| Forearm extension – agonist |
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Term
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Definition
| tenderness due to trauma or overuse of tendon at the origin of forearm extensors (lateral epicondyle of humerus) |
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Term
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Definition
Thigh flexion and knee extension
Cross hip joint (only mm in anterior thigh to do so)
Helps form quadriceps tendon |
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Term
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Definition
| Agonist for thigh extension |
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Term
| Hamstrings (3 mm – biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus) |
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Definition
| Thigh extension and knee flexion |
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Term
| Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius) |
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Definition
| Agonist of knee extension |
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Term
| Hamstrings (previous slide) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Agonist for plantar flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| Agonist for plantar flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle tear, followed by bleeding and severe pain |
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Term
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Definition
Pain in anterior leg caused by swelling of tibialis anterior
Muscle cuts off its own circulation as it swells and presses on its own nerves because it is tightly wrapped by fascia |
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Term
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Definition
An increase of pressure in a muscle compartment
Painful (puts pressure on nerves) and may cut off blood flow
Caused by trauma or repetitive activities (only while doing that activity) |
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