Term
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Definition
opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva |
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Definition
consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth. It provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech. |
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Definition
separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
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Definition
posterior portion of the palate, not supported by bone |
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Definition
anterior portion of the palate, supported by bone |
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Term
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Definition
soft V-shaped mass that extends from the palate into the throat |
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Definition
performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
10-inch (25-cm) tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Definition
J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control. |
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Definition
area around the opening of the esophagus |
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Definition
uppermost domed portion of the stomach |
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Definition
central portion of the stomach |
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Definition
lower part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
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Definition
portion of the pylorus that connects to the body of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
20-foot (6-m) canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
first 10 to 12 inches (25 cm) of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet (2.4 m) long |
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Term
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Definition
third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet (3.3 m) long, which connects with the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
canal that is approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) long and extends from the ileum to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
next portion of the large intestine. The colon is divided into four parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. |
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Term
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Definition
remaining portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 inches (20 cm) long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
sphincter muscle (ring-like band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
produce saliva, which flows into the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. This organ performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
passageways that carry bile: the hepatic duct is a passageway for bile from the liver, and the cystic ducts carries bile from the gallbladder. They join to form the common duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
small, saclike structure that stores bile |
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Term
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Definition
produces pancreatic juice, which helps digestion all types of food and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
serous sac lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
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Term
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Definition
small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to the cecum |
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Definition
portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
colon (usually denoting large intestine) |
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Definition
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Definition
intestine (usually denoting small intestine) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o |
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Definition
abdomen (abdominal cavity) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
pylorus, pyloric spincter |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
inflammation of the appendix |
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Definition
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Definition
inflammation of the gallblader |
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Term
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Definition
condition of stones in the common bile duct |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the diverticulum |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal condition of having diverticula |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon |
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Definition
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Definition
inflammation of the liver |
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Definition
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Definition
inflammation of the palate |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the pancreas |
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Definition
inflammation of the peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps (in the mucous membrane of the intestine, especially the colon; high potential for malignancy) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
stone in the salivary gland |
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Definition
inflammation of the uvula |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated. This may occur after abdominal surgery; surgical treatment is called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy |
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Term
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Definition
psychoneurotic disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese. It occurs primarily in adolescents. |
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Term
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Definition
chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells, most commonly caused by alcoholism |
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Term
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Definition
chronic inflammation usually affecting the ileum, although it an affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by cobblestone ulcerations along the intestinal wall and the formation of scar tissue may cause obstruction. It is also called regional ileitis or regional enteritis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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Definition
the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, gradually breaking down the mucous barrier of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis |
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Term
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Definition
telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
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Term
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain |
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Term
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Definition
excess of body fat (not body weight) |
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Term
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Definition
another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer |
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Term
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Definition
tumor-like growth extending outward from a mucous membrane. Usually benign; common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers. The main symptom is diarrhea; as many as 15 to 20 stools per day. An ileostomy may be performed to treat this condition. |
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Term
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Definition
twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
surgical repair of the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
surgical repair of the anus |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
incision into the abdominal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
excision of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
creation of an artificial opening into the colon (through the abdominal wall). (Used for the passage of stool. A colostomy, which creates a mouth-like opening on the abdominal wall called a stoma, may be permanent or temporary and performed as treatment for bowel obstruction, cancer, or diverticulitis) |
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Term
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Definition
excision of a diverticulum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
surgical repair of he esophagus and the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
excision of the stomach (or part of the stomach) |
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Term
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Definition
creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum |
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Term
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Definition
surgical repair of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
creation of an artificial opening into the stomach (through the abdominal wall). (A tube is inserted through the opening for administration of food when swallowing is impossible). |
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Term
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Definition
surgical removal of gum (tissue) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
excision of half of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
suturing of a hernia (for repair) |
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Term
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Definition
creation of an artificial opening into the ileum (through the abdominal wall creating a stoma, a mouth-like opening on the abdominal wall). (Used for the passage of stool. It is performed for ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, or cancer). |
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Term
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Definition
incision into the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
surgical repair of the palate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
incision into the pyloric muscle |
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Term
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Definition
surgical repair of the pylorus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) |
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Definition
surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx (performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea) |
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Term
abdominoperineal resection (A&P resectino) |
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Definition
removal of the colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches. Performed to treat colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases of the lower large intestine. The patient will have a colostomy |
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Term
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Definition
surgical connection between two normally distinct structures |
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Term
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Definition
cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
x-ray image of bile ducts. (An injection of radiopaque material is used to outline the ducts) |
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Term
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Definition
x-ray image of the gallbladder. (Oral cholecystogram is still used to diagnose cholelithiasis, but ultrasound is now the method of choice) |
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Term
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Definition
x-ray imaging of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
instrument used for visual examination of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
visual examination of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ |
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Term
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Definition
visual examination within a hollow organ |
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Term
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) |
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Definition
visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
instrument for visual examination of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
visual examination of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
instrument used for visual examination of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
visual examination of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
instrument used for visual examination of the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
visual examination of the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
instrument used for visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
series of x-ray images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered. |
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Term
upper GI (gastrointestinal) series |
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Definition
series of x-ray images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed. |
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Term
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
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Definition
radiographic (x-ray) examination of the bile and pancreatic ducts with contrast medium, fluoroscopy, and endoscopy |
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Term
endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) |
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Definition
a procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall. Used to detect tumors and cystic growths and for staging of malignant tumors. |
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Term
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies test |
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Definition
a blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria. The bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers. Tests for H. pylori are also performed on biopsy specimens and by breath test. |
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Term
fecal occult blood test (guaiac test) |
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Definition
a test to detect occult blood in feces. It is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps. Occult blood refers to blood that is present but can only be viewed microscopically. Trade names for commercial test kits include: Hema-Check, Colo-Rect, and Hematest. |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity (paracentesis) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
without swallowing (inability to) |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the colon and rectum |
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Definition
difficult digestion (often used to describe GI symptoms) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines (GI tract and accessory organs) |
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Term
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Definition
study of the stomach and intestines (a branch of medicine that deals with treating diseases of the GI tract and accessory organs) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
pertaining to the ileum and cecum |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the nose and stomach |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
study of the rectum (branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the rectum and anus) |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the rectum (a branch of medicine that deals with treating diseases of the rectum) |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to under the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
frequent discharge of liquid stool |
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Term
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Definition
disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain |
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Term
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Definition
waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum (bowel movement, stool, fecal matter) |
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Term
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Definition
gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus |
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Term
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Definition
washing out of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
black, tarry stool that contains digestion blood. Usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
involuntary wavelike contracts that propel food along the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal backward flow. In esophageal reflux, the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. |
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Term
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Definition
matter expelled from the stomach through the mouth (vomitus or emesis) |
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Term
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Definition
abdominoperineal resection
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
endoscopic ultrasound
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
gastroesophageal reflux disease
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
gastrointestinal
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
Helicobacter pylori
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
irritable bowel syndrome
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
nausea and vomiting
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
percutaneous endoscopic gasrostomy
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
upper gastrointestinal
(suffix) |
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Term
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Definition
uvulopalatopharygoplasty
(suffix) |
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