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Chapter 11+12
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27
Political Studies
12th Grade
02/19/2014

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Term
Public Opinion
Definition
:What the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues at any point in time.
Term
Public Opinion Polls
Definition
:Interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population.
Term
Straw Polls
Definition
:Unscientific surveys used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues and policies.
Term
Public Socialization
Definition
:The process through which an individual acquires particular political orientations; the learning process by which people acquire their political beliefs and values.
Term
Political Ideology
Definition
:The coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals.
Term
Random Sampling
Definition
:A method of poll selection that gives each person in a group the same chance of being selected.
Term
Stratified Sampling
Definition
:A variation of random sampling; census data are used to divide the country into four sampling regions. Sets of counties and standard metropolitan statistical areas are then randomly selected in proportion to the national population.
Term
Push Polls
Definition
:Polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against that candidate.
Term
Tracking Polls
Definition
:Continuous surveys that enable a campaign to chart its daily rise of fall in support.
Term
Exit Polls
Definition
:Polls conducted at selected polling places on Election Day.
Term
Sampling Error On Margin Of Error
Definition
:A measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll.
Term
Political Party
Definition
: A group of office holders, candidates, activists, and voters who identify with a group label and seek to elect to public office individuals who run under this label.
Term
Governmental Party
Definition
:The office holders and candidates who run under a political party's banner.
Term
Organizational Party
Definition
:The workers and activists who staff the party's formal organization.
Term
Party In The Electorate
Definition
:The voters who consider themselves allied or associated with the party.
Term
Machine
Definition
:A party organizational that recruits its members with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity.
Term
Direct Primary
Definition
:The selection of party candidates through the ballots of qualified voters rather than at party nomination conventions.
Term
Civil Service Laws
Definition
:These acts removed the staffing of the bureaucracy from political parties and created a professional bureaucracy filled through competition.
Term
Issue-Oriented Politics
Definition
:Politics that focuses on specific issues rather than on party, candidate, or other loyalties.
Term
Ticket-Split
Definition
:To vote for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election.
Term
Coalition
Definition
:A group of interests or organizations that join forces for the purpose of electing public officials.
Term
National Party Platform
Definition
:A statement of the general and specific philosophy and policy goals of a political party, usually promugulated at the national convention.
Term
National Convention
Definition
:A party conclave (meeting) held in the presidential election year for the purposes of nominating a presidential and vice presidential ticket and adopting a platform.
Term
Think Tank
Definition
:Institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas.
Term
Party Identification
Definition
:A citizen's personal affinity for a political party, usually expressed by his or her tendency to vote for the candidates of that party.
Term
Third-Partyism
Definition
:The tendency of third parties to arise with some regularity in a nominally two-party system.
Term
Proportional Representation
Definition
:A voting system that apportions legislative seats according to the percentage of the vote won by a particular political party.
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