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| A market structure in which many firms sell a differentiaed product, into which entry is relatively easy, in which the firm has some control over its product price, and in which there is considerable nonprice competition. |
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| A strategy in which one firm's product is distinquished from competing products by means of its design, related services, quality, location, or other attributes (except price). |
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| Competition based on distinguishing one's product by means of product differentiation and then advertising the distinguished product to consumers. |
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| Four-Firm Concentration Ratio |
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| The percentage of total industry sales accounted for by the top four firms in the industry. |
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| A measure of the concentration and competitiveness of an industry; calculated as the sum of the squared percentage market shares of the individual firms in the industry. |
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| Plant resources that are underused when imperfectly competitive firms produces less output than that associated with achieving minimum average total cost. |
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| A market structure in which a few firms sell either a standardized or differeniated product, into which entry is difficult, in which the firm has limited control over product price because of mutual interdependance (except when there is collusion among firms), and in which there is typically nonprice competition. |
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| An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product. |
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| An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product |
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| Self-interested economic actions that take into account the expected reactions of others. |
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| A situation in which a change in price strategy (or in some toher strategy) by one firm will afftect the sales and profits of another firm (or other firms). Any frim that makes such changes can expect the other rivals to react to the change. |
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| Interindustry Competition |
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| The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry. |
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| The competition that domesatic firms encounter from the products and services of foreign producers. |
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| A means of analyzing the pricing behavior of oligopolists that uses the theory of strategy associated with games such as chess and bridge. |
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| A situation in which firms act together and in agreement (collude) to fix prices, divide a market, or otherwise restrict competition. |
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| The demand curve for a noncollusive oligopolist, which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase. |
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| Successive and continued decreases in the prices charged by firms in anoligopolistic industry. Each firm lowers its price below rivals' prices, hoping to increase its sales and revenues at its rivals' expense. |
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| A formal agreement among firms (or countries) in an industry to set the price of a product and establish the output of the individual firms (or countries) or to divide the market for the product geographically. |
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| An informal method that firms in an oligopoly may employ to set the price of their product: one firm (the leader) is the first to announce a change in price, and the other firms (the followers) soon announce identical or similar changes. |
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