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The "biopsychosocial" framework for understanding human development suggests what?:
A) We are shaped mainly by our genetic make up.
B) We are shaped by our genetic make up plus other physical factors, like nutrition
C) How we are brought up is the most important influence on who we are.
D) "Nature" and "nurture" are both important,
E) We are conditioned by the world around us, and we respond to it for maximum benefit to ourselves. |
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Psychodynamic theories place the MOST emphasis on which set of forces?:
A) psychological
B) sociological
C) biological
D) life-cycle |
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Your instructor tells you, "Babies are born with minds like empty blackboards. Whatever experience infants have will be written on the board and influence their development." Your instructor seems to be following which theory?:
A) psychodynamic theory
B) behavioral theory
C) cognitive theory
D) information processing theory
E) humanistic theory
F) biopsychosocial theory |
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A child is behaving badly, and someone comments, "He probably saw someone do that on TV." The person making that comment is most likely:
A) a behaviorist
B) a Piaget follower
C) a Freudian
D) a believer in social learning theory
E) a follower of Bandura's theories |
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Which is the correct order of Piaget's stages?:
A) sensorimotor, concrete operational, pre-operational, formal operational
B) pre-operational, formal operational, concrete operational, sensorimotor
C) sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational. |
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A father finds that every time he criticizes his son for getting in fights at school, the kid gets in more fights. Quite possibly, his criticisms are ______ the bad behavior.
A) punishing
B) reinforcing
C) suppressing
D) having no effect |
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A researcher takes notes on the behavior of people at a fraternity party. What kind of study is this?
A) longitudinal
B) systematic observation
C) experiemental
D) correlational
E) epigenetic
F) cognitive-developmental
G) self-report
H) double blind |
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When setting up an experiment, you can choose which variables will remain constant and which will change. Which type of variable can be manipulated, or changed, by the experimenter?
A) cohort
B) independent
C) dependent
D) extraneous
E) naturalistic
F) correlational
G) None of the above |
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A research wants to study changing attitudes toward religion as people age. What is the best way to design a study? (Never mind which method is hard or easy -- just choose which would offer the most knowledge.)
A) correlational
B) observational
C) longitudinal
D) experimental
E) cross-sectional
F) sequential |
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"Meta-analysis" means:
A) An longitudinal study that spans many years
B) A cross-sectional study with many participants
C) Both 1 & 2
D) A study in which you analyze other existing studies on your topic.
E) Any experiment carried out by the National Institutes of Health and similar large government agencies in known as a meta-analysis.
F) An experiment with more than one variable.
G) A experiment that explores a topic across more than one species -- like, animal and human communication. |
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Kohlberg's theory is about the development of:
A) thinking skills
B) moral reasoning
C) neurological changes
D) social interactions
E) language development
F) unconscious forces that affect our lives
G) ecological |
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Which of these is a weakness of the experimental method?
A) Cannot determine cause and effect
B) Difficult because of the long time involved. People drop out, etc.
C) Usually done in a laboratory, which may distort results
D) The presence of the observer / experimenter may distort the result.
E) Cohort effects may distort the result. |
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Which theory emphasizes internal drives and unconscious motives in shaping human behavior?
A) Epigenetic
B) Ecological
C) Social learning
D) Psychodynamic
E) operant conditioning
F) Behavioral
G) Cognitive
H) Modulated |
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Which is the best description of "cohort effect?"
A) We are all influenced by our peer groups, and this influence is known as the cohort effect.
B) When you design an experiment with different age groups, you have to be careful because sometimes different groups behave differently because of different life experiences, not because of different developmental stages.
C) When doing a correlation studies, we have to be careful of the cohort effect, which is our tendency to see causation when, in fact, we are merely seeing correlation.
D) When people are asked questions in a self-report study, they tend to lie to make themselves sound better. Even though their answers are anonymous, they are responding to the cohort effect.
E) If people know they are being observed, their behavior changes. This is known as the cohort effect, and it's a problem for any kind of observational study. |
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Which the best description of the developmental task at Erikson's SECOND developmental stage? (ages 1-3)
A) Trust vs mistrust
B) identity vs identity confusion
C) Initiative vs. guilt
D) autonomy vs shame
E) intimacy vs isolation |
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