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Chapter 1
The Field of Psychology
20
Psychology
12th Grade
02/09/2010

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Term
psychology
Definition
the scientific study of human and animal behavior
Term
theory
Definition
general framework for scientific study; smaller aspects can be tested
Term
research psychologists
Definition
those who study the origin, cause, or results of certain behaviors
Term
applied psychologists
Definition
those who make direct use of the findings of research psychologists; deal directly with clients
Term
Charles Darwin
Definition
psychologist who suggested that animals, including humans, had evolved and changed
Term
Wilhelm Wundt
Definition
called the "father of psychology" because in 1879, he started the first laboratory for studying humans
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
an Austrian physician, he developed one of the first comprehensive theories of personality
Term
introspection
Definition
the process of looking into yourself and describing what is there
Term
William James
Definition
a philosopher and Harvard professor, he was one of the founders of American psychology. In 1890, he published a very important and widely used textbook on psychology
Term
John B. Watson
Definition
one of the first American psychologists to study the impact of learning on human emotion. He was one of the first to study Behaviorism
Term
eclecticism
Definition
the process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more other systems
Term
neurobiological approach
Definition
viewing behavior as the result of nervous system functions and biology
Term
behavioral approach
Definition
viewing behavior as the product of learning and associations
Term
B.F. Skinner
Definition
Creator of a circus attraction involving a chicken who played tic-tac-toe in order to receive food. BEHAVIORIST.
Term
humanistic approach
Definition
believing that people are basically good and capable of helping themselves
Term
Carl Rogers
Definition
the most famous humanist, he saw people as worthwhile creatures with free will and choice
Term
psychoanalysis
Definition
a system of viewing the individual as the product of unconscious forces
Term
cognitive approach
Definition
emphasizing how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics
Term
Jean Piaje
Definition
one of the most famous cognitive psychologists
Term
sociocultural approach
Definition
Behavior viewed as strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures
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