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| the term freud used for both theory of personality and his therapy for the treatment of pyschological disorders;the unconsicous is the primary focus of psychoanalytic theory. |
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| the school of psychology that focuses on uniqueness of human beings and thier capacity for choice, growth, and psycholoical health. |
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| the school of psychology that views humans as active participants in thier enivorment;study mental processes such as memory, problem solving, decision making, perception, language, and other forms of cognition. |
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| the school of psychology that emphasizes that individuals percieve objects and paterns as whole units and that the percieved whole is more than the sum of its parts. |
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| information-process theory |
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| an approach to the study of mental structures and processes that uses the computer as a model for human thinking |
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| the process of obejectively evaulating claims, proprositions, and conclusions to determine whether they follow logically from thr evidence presented. |
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| descriptive research methods |
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| research methods that yield descriptions of behavior |
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| a descriptive research method in which researchers observe and record behavior in its natural setting, without attemptiong to influnce or control it |
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| a descriptive research method in which behavior is studied in a laboatory setting, where researchers canexert more control and use more precise equipment to measure responses. |
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| a descriptive research method in which a single person or a small number of indivuals are studied in great depth, usuall over an extended period of time. |
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| a descriptive research methos in which research use interviews and or/ questionnaires to gather information about the attitiudes, beliefs, experinces, or behaviors of a group. |
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| the entire group of interest to researchers, to which they wish to generalize thier findings; the group from which a sample is selected |
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| a part of a population that is studied in order to reach conclusions about the entire population |
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| a sample that mirrors the poplulation of interest; it includes important subgroups in the same proportions as they are founded in that population. |
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| a research method used to establish the degree of relationship between two characteristics, event, or behavoirs. |
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| a numerical vale that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship betweeen two variables, ranges from +1.00 to -1.00. |
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| the only research method that can be used to identify cause and effect relationships between two or more conditions or variables |
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| a prediction about a cause-effect relationship between tow or more variables. |
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| in an experiment, a factor or condition that is deliberately manipulated in order to determine whether it causes any change in another behavior or condition |
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| the factor or condition that is measured at the end of an experiment and is presumed to vary as a result of the manipulations of the independent variable(s) |
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| if an experiment, the group that is exposed to an independent variable. |
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| in an experiment, a group that is exposed to the same experimental enviroment but is not given the treatment;used for purpose comparisons. |
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| facorts or conditions other than the independent variable(s) that are not equivalent across groups and could cause differences among the groups are present at he beginning of the experiment |
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| the assignment of participants to experimental or control groups in such way that systematic difference among the groups are present at the beginning of the experimental |
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| the process of selecting participants for experience mental and control group by using a chance procedure to guarentee that each particpants has an equal probability of being assigned to any of the groups; a control for selection bias. |
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| the phenomenon that occurs in an experiment when a participants response to a treatment is due to his or her expections abot the treatment rather than to treatment itself |
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| an inert or harmless substance given to the control grop in experiment as control for the placebo |
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| a phenenemonon that occurs when a researchers preconviced notions or expectations in some way influence participants behavior/and or the researchers interpretation of experimental results |
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| a procedure in which neither the particiapnts not the experimenter knows who is the experimental and control groups until after the data have been gathered; a control for experminetal bias. |
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| the school of psychology that studies how humans have adapted that behaviors required for survival in the face of enviromental pressures over the course of evolution |
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| the school of psychology that looks fro links between specific behaviors and equally specific biological processes that often help individual differences |
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| an interdisciplinary field that combines the work of psychologists, biologist, biochemists, medical researchers, and other in the study of the structure and function of the nervous system |
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| the view that social and cultural factors may be juct as powerful as evoultionary and psychological factors in affecting behavior and mental processing and that these factors must be understood when interpreting the behaviors of others. |
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| psychological perpectives |
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Definition
| general points of view used for explaining peoples behaviors and thinking whether normal or abnormal |
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