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Chapter 11 World War II
N/A
73
History
11th Grade
02/12/2011
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Term
What was the Allies war strategy?
 Definition
They agreed to pursue a "Europe First" strategy. Until Hitler was defeated, the Pacific would be a secondary theater of war.
Term
What old tactic and new technology helped the Allies solve the U-boat problem?
 Definition
Convoys of escort carriers that protected Allied shipping. And the new tech. was radar.
Term
What stopped the Nazi advance into the Soviet Union?
 Definition
Soviet resistance and a brutal winter.
Term
Who won at Stalingrad and why was it a turning point in the war?
 Definition
The Soviet Union won. Because it ended any realistic plans that Hitler had of dominating Europe and it forced the Nazi armies back to Germany.
Term
Why did the Allies invade North Africa first instead France?
 Definition
Because invading North Africa required less planning and fewer supplies. Also forcing Germany our of North Africa would pave the way for an invasion of Italy.
Term
What part of Italy did the Allies invade first?
 Definition
Sicily.
Term
What happened to Mussolini and what did Italy do in September of 1943?
 Definition
The 38-day campaign ended the rule of Mussolini. Italy surrendered to the Allies.
Term
What is the difference between saturation and strategic bombing and what was the preference of the U.S. and British?
 Definition
The British preferred saturation bombing which was the dropping of massive amounts of bombs in order to inflict maximum damage. The U.S. preferred strategic which was the dropping of bombs on key political and industrial targets.
Term
Who were the Tuskegee Airmen and what did they do?
 Definition
They were an African American fighter squadron. They escorted bombers and protected them from enemy fighter pilots.
Term
What did the Japanese want to do at Midway and why was it important for the U.S. not to lose Midway?
 Definition
They wanted to establish a military presence in the Aleutians and to take the U.S. aircraft carriers. Because if they did, it would force American defenses back to the California coast.
Term
Who was the commander of the U.S. Navy and what advantage did he have when fighting the Japanese at Midway?
 Definition
Chester Nimitz. He knew the Japanese plans because he had broken the code.
Term
What fraction of the U.S. wartime workforce was made up of women?
 Definition
One-third.
Term
What were the two sharp breaks from the past concerning women working that occurred during WWII?
 Definition
Many women found jobs that fell outside of the tradition realm of women's work. And the need for labor also weakened the common practice that a woman quit her job once she was married.
Term
Who was "Rosie the Riveter?"
 Definition
The image of a working woman in wartime production. She had rolled up sleeves, wore a kerchief, and had rivet gun.
Term
What did many in society expect women workers to do once the war was over?
 Definition
To step aside and let men take their place.
Term
What was meant by the "Double V" campaign by Black Americans?
 Definition
Victory against fascism abroad and victory against discrimination at home.
Term
What demands did A. Philip Randolph take to FDR and what did he threaten FDR with if the demands weren't met?
 Definition
His demands were to end discriminatory practices in government-funded training, employment, and the armed services. He threaten to have a massive protest march on Washington D.C.
Term
What was the Bracero program and why was it necessary?
 Definition
It bought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms. It was necessary
Term
What caused Blacks and Whites to fight in Detroit in 1943? Describe what happened.
 Definition
Conflict over the construction of housing for black workers drawn north to defense plants caused the fight. 100,000 whites and blacks broke into scattered fights at a city park. 34 people were killed.
Term
Describe what happened in LA during the "Zoot Suit Riots" in 1943 and who went to jail?
 Definition
Mobs of off-duty sailors roamed through the Mexican sections of LA, attacking zooters. Police arrested the zoot-suited victims, not the sailors.
Term
What groups were subject to arrest and deportation in 1942 and what groups were eventually taken off of the list?
 Definition
German, Italian, and Japanese aliens. Germans and Italians were taken off the list.
Term
What did Executive Order 9066 do?
 Definition
It designated certain areas as war zones from which anyone might be removed for any reason.
Term
Why did Japanese Americans face harsher treatment than Italian and German Americans?
 Definition
Because of racism, the smaller number of Japanese Americans, their lack of political clout, and their relative isolation from other Americans.
Term
How long did the Japanese Americans stay in the camps?
 Definition
The duration of the war.
Term
Explain the 1944 Supreme Court decision in the case Korematsu v. U.S. and what happened in 1988?
 Definition
The Supreme Court upheld the government's wartime interment policy. In 1988, the government offered an apology and $20,000 payments to surviving internees.
Term
How did the U.S. pay for WWII?
 Definition
Congress levied a 5 percent tax on all working Americans. In addition, millions of Americans bought war bonds to save income and invest in the war effort.
Term
How did rationing work and why was it used?
 Definition
Americans were issued coupon books that limited the amount of certain goods that they could buy. They were used to make sure they didn't run out of materials during war production.
Term
What were the code names of the Normandy invasion beaches and which troops landed on each beach?
 Definition
Utah, Omaha, Juno, and Sword. Americans landed on Utah and Omaha, British on Gold and Sword, and the Canadians on Juno.
Term
On what date did D-Day, the invasion of Normandy, take place?
 Definition
June 6, 1944.
Term
Which of the beaches had the worst causalities and describe the defenses that the troops faced?
 Definition
Omaha. Trenches and small pillowbox structures which heavy artillery could be fired, and heavy mined beaches.
Term
Describe what happened on July 20, 1944 at Hitlers headquarters?
 Definition
An officer planted a bomb in Hitler's headquarters. The explosion killed/wounded 20 people but Hitler survived.
Term
What was Hitler like in the last days of the war?
 Definition
He was a physical wreck. He was shaken by tremors, paranoid from drugs, and was kept alive by mad dreams of final victory.
Term
What date did the Germans surrender?
 Definition
May 7, 1945.
Term
What was V-E day?
 Definition
Victory in Europe.
Term
What were kamikaze and why did the Japanese use them?
 Definition
Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed planes into American ships during WWII. Because it was their last effort to fight.
Term
How is the Battle of Iwo Jima best remembered today?
 Definition
By the famous photo of six marines planting the American flag on Iwo Jima, symbolizing the heroic sacrifice of American soldiers.
Term
What was unique about the Battle of Okinawa and where is Okinawa located?
 Definition
It was the most complex and costly operation in the Pacific campaign. It was located over 340 miles from Japan.
Term
What was the main goal of taking islands in the Pacific that were closer and closer to Japan?
 Definition
The American pilots could bomb the Japanese homelands more easily.
Term
Who wrote the letter to FDR, telling him to make an atomic bomb and why did he write it?
 Definition
Albert Einstein. Because if he didn't make one soon, eventually the Germans would.
Term
What was the Manhattan Project and how big was it?
 Definition
The development of an atomic bomb. It cost several billion dollars and employed tens of thousands of people.
Term
What dates are the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and what were the death estimates?
 Definition
Hiroshima was on August 6, 1945. More than 60,000 deaths. Nagasaki was on August 9, 1945. 35,000 deaths.
Term
On what date did the Japanese surrender and what was V-J Day?
 Definition
September 2, 1945. Victory in Japan.
Term
What was the Holocaust?
 Definition
The Nazi attempt to kill all Jews.
Term
When was the word Holocaust used to describe what happened and whose word was it?
 Definition
After the war and by the Jewish community.
Term
What is anti-Semitism?
 Definition
Prejudice and discrimination against Jews.
Term
What were the Nuremberg Laws and what did Jews have to wear on their clothes?
 Definition
Term
When did Kristallnacht take place and describe what happened?
 Definition
November 9, 1938. Nazi attacks on Jews in Austria, Germany, and the Sudetenland. Secret police and military unites destroyed more than 1,500 synagogues and 7,500 Jewish-owned businesses, killed more than 200 Jews, and injured 600 others.
Term
Why didn't more Jews leave Germany?
 Definition
They weren't welcomed into other countries.
Term
What was meant by the phrase "Final Solution" and who used the phrase?
 Definition
The final chance of killing the Jews. Hitler used it.
Term
Define genocide?
 Definition
Willful annihilation of racial, political, or cultural groups.
Term
What groups did Hitler target as "undesirables?"
 Definition
Gypsies, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, beggars, drunkards, conscientious objectors, physically disabled, and people with mental illness.
Term
What insignias were worn on the outside of concentration camp prisoners' uniforms?
 Definition
Political prisoners wore red, homosexuals pink, Jews yellow, and Jehovah's Witnesses purple.
Term
What was planned at the Wannsee Conference in 1942?
 Definition
To move toward the "Final Solution."
Term
What was the largest death camp and where was it?
 Definition
Auschwitz in southern Poland.
Term
What was Zyklon-B and what was it used for in the death camps?
 Definition
An insecticide and it killed prisoners.
Term
By 1945 how many Jews had been killed and how many non-Jews had been killed?
 Definition
6 million Jews and 5 million non-Jews.
Term
How would you describe the actions taken by the U.S. to stop the Holocaust?
 Definition
They didn't go out of their way to do anything to help.
Term
Where did many Holocaust survivors resettle after the war?
 Definition
U.S.
Term
What was the major difference between the ending of WWI and WWII?
 Definition
WWII was fought to the bitter end.
Term
What was agreed to at the Potsdam Conference?
 Definition
What to do when the Germans lost.
Term
What two new countries were formed out of Germany and what form of government did each one have?
 Definition
Communist East Germany and non communist West Germany.
Term
What happened to most of the French, British, and other Europe colonies between WWII and 1960?
 Definition
They were granted independence.
Term
What two colonies emerged as superpowers after WWII and why were they superpowers?
 Definition
U.S. and Soviet Union.
Term
What did the United Nations replace from WWI and where is its headquarters?
 Definition
League of Nations. New York City.
Term
What ideas are in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and how easy is it to enforce?
 Definition
Condemns slavery and torture, upholds freedom of speech and religion, and affirms that "everyone has the right to a standard of living." It wasn't easy.
Term
What was the Geneva Convention and why were there war crime trials?
 Definition
An international agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war. To punish the people who had caused so much death and destruction.
Term
What were the Nuremberg Trials and what was a common defense of those on trial?
 Definition
Allies prosecuted Nazis for the war crimes. That they were just following orders.
Term
What happened to those put on trial?
 Definition
Some were hung while others received long prison terms.
Term
What did the Japanese lose at Midway and how was the fighting done by each side?
 Definition
Lost 4 aircraft carriers, along with 250 aircraft on board and many of Japans most experienced pilots. U.S. fought by aircraft while Japan fought by naval.
Term
Describe what life was like for Japanese Americans in the camps.
 Definition
Horrible. Lived in one room shacks. Food shortages and substandard medical care.
Term
Who made up the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, why did they fight, and what was unique about that unit?
 Definition
Japanese American volunteers, to fight for their country, and they were the most decorated unit.
Term
Who were the Big Three at Potsdam?
 Definition
Churchill, Stalin, Attlee, and Truman.
Term
Why did few Americans want to return to a policy of isolationism after WWII?
 Definition
They didn't want to be drawn into another World War.
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