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Chapter 11 vocabulary
Gene Expression
37
Biology
Not Applicable
11/02/2005

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Term
BENIGN TUMOR
Definition
AN ABNORMAL BUT NONTHREATENING CELL MASS
Term
ACTIVATION
Definition
THE INIATION OF TRANSCRIPTION BY THE REMOVAL OF A REPRESSOR PROTEIN
Term
CANCER
Definition
THE UNCONTROLLED GROWTH OF CELLS
Term
CARCINOGEN
Definition
A CANCER CAUSING CAUSING SUBSTANCE
Term
CARCINOMA
Definition
A MALIGNANT TUMOR THAT GROWS IN BODY TISSUES
Term
CELL DIFFERENTIATION
Definition
THE CHANGE IN MOR0PHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, OR FUNCTION OF A CELL IN RELATION TO ITS NEIGHBORING CELLS
Term
DIFFERENTIATION
Definition
A PROCERSS IN WHICH THE CELLS OF A MULTICELLULAR INDIVIDUAL BECOME SPECIALIZED DURING DEVELOPMENT
Term
ENHANCER
Definition
A REGION ADJACENT TO A EUKARYOTIC GENE THAT MUST BE ACTIVATED IF THE GENE IS TO BE EXPRESSED
Term
EUCHROMATIN
Definition
THE UNCOILED FORM OF CHROMATIN
Term
EXON
Definition
CODING REGION OF A EUKARYOTIC GENE
Term
GENE EXPRESSION
Definition
THE TRANSCRIPTION OF DNA INTO RNA AND THEN INTO PROTEINS
Term
GENOME
Definition
THE COMPLETE GENETIC MATERIAL CONTAINED IN AN INDIVIDUAL
Term
GROWTH FACTOR
Definition
PROTEIN THAT REGULATES THE RATE AND SEQUENCE OF THE EVENTS OF CELL DIVISION
Term
HOMEOBOX
Definition
A SPECIFIC DNA SEQUENCE WITHIN A HOMEOTIC GENE THAT REGULATES PATTERNS OF DEVELOP0MENT
Term
HOMEOTIC GENE
Definition
A GENE THAT CONTROLS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIFIC ADULT STRUCTURE
Term
INDUCER
Definition
IN THE LAC OPERON, THE MOLECULE THAT BINDS TO REPRESSOR MOLECULES AND INDUCES GENE EXPRESSION
Term
INTRON
Definition
A SECTION OF A STRUCTURAL GENE THAT DOES NOT CODE FOR AN AMINO ACID AND IS EXCISED BEFORE TRANSLATION
Term
LAC OPERON
Definition
DNA SEGMENT THAT CODES FOR THE REGULATORY ENBZYMES FOR LACTOSE METABOLISM IN E.COLI
Term
LEUKEMIA
Definition
A PROGRESSIVE, MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS
Term
LYMPHOMA
Definition
A TUMOR IN THE TISSUES THAT FORM BLOOD CELLS
Term
MALIGNANT TUMOR
Definition
A CANCEROUS MASS OF CELLS
Term
METASTASIS
Definition
THE SPREAD OF CANCER CELLS BEYOND THEIR ORIGINAL SITE
Term
MORPHOGENESIS
Definition
THE CHANGE IN FORM OF AN ORGANISM RESULTING FROM CELL DIFFERENTIATION
Term
MUTATION
Definition
AN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR THAT DAMAGES DNA
Term
ONCOGENE
Definition
A GENE THAT INDUCES CANCER OR OTHER UNCONTROLLED CELL PROLIFERATION; A MUTATED OR ACTIVATED PROTO-ONCOGENE THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF TUMOR CELLS
Term
OPERATOR
Definition
A SEQUENCE OF DNA TO WHICH A REPRESSOR BINDS TO PREVENT mRNA SYNTHESIS FROM THE ADJACENT GENE; CHARACTERISTICALLY COMPOSED OF ONE OR MORE PALINDROMIC SEQUENCES
Term
OPERON
Definition
A UNIT OF DNA COMMON IN BACTERIA AND PHAGES CONSISTING OF CLUSTERS OF REGULATED GENES
Term
PRE-mRNA
Definition
A FORM OF mRNA THAT CONTAINS INTRONS AND EXONS
Term
PROTO-ONCOGENE
Definition
ONCOGENE PRECURSOR THAT CONTROLS A CELL'S GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION
Term
REGULATOR GENE
Definition
A GENETIC UNIT THAT REGULATES OR SUPPRESSES THE ACTIVITY OR ONE OR MORE STRUCTURAL GENES
Term
REPRESSION
Definition
THE BLOCKAGE OF TRANSCRIPTION BY THE ACTION OF A REPRESSOR PROTEIN
Term
REPRESSOR (REPRESSOR PROTEIN)
Definition
IN THE LAC OPERON, A PROTEIN THAT INHIBITS AN OPERATOR AND THUS STOPS GENE EXPRESSION
Term
SARCOMA
Definition
A TUMOR GROWING IN BONE OR MUSCLE TISSUE
Term
STRUCTURAL GENE
Definition
A GENE THAT CODES FOR A PRODUCT, SUCH AS AN ENZYME, PROTEIN, OR RNA, RATHER THAN SERVING AS A REGULATOR
Term
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR
Definition
ONE OF THE ADDITIONAL PROTEINS BOUND TO ENHANCERS AND RNA POLYMERASE THAT REGULATE TRANSCRIPTION
Term
TUMOR
Definition
AN ABNORMAL MASS OF CELLS
Term
TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE
Definition
A GENE THAT SUPPRESSES TUMOR FORMATION BUT WHEN MUTATED CAUSES A LOSS IN CELL FUNCTION,RESULTING IN TUMOR FORMATION
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