Process of listening for sounds within the body, usually to sounds of thoracic or abdominal viscera, to detect some abnormal condition or to detect fetal heart sounds. 

(oss-kull-TAY-shun)

Use of the fintertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine position, size and consistency of an underlying structure and the presence fluid or pus in a cavity

(per-KUH-shun)

Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on teh wall of the recess of the nasopharynx

(ADD-eh-noydz)

Air cells of the lungs; known as the pulmonary parenchyma (functional units of the lungs)

(al-vee-oh-lye)

The upper portion of the lung, rising about 2.5 to 5 cm above the collarbone 

(AY-peks)

The two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement

(BRONG-kigh)

The musculomembranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity. 

(DYE-ah-fram)

A thin, leaf-shaped structure located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue; covers the entrance of the larynx when the individual swallows. 

(ep-ih-GLOT-iss)

The sound-producing apparatus of the larynx, consisting of the two vocal folds and the intervening space (the epiglottis protects this opening). 

(GLOT-iss)

Lower portion of the pharynx that extends from the vestibule of the larynx (the portion just above the vocal cards) to the lowermost cartilage of the larynx

(lah-ring-go-FAIR-inks)

The enlarged upper end of the trachea below the root of the tongue; the voice box 

(LAIR-inks)

The mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs. It contains teh heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi. 

(mee-dee-ass-TYE-num)

External nostrils

(NAIRZ)

Part of the pharynx located ablove the soft palate (postnasal space). 

(nay-zoh-FAIR-inks)

Central portion of the pharynx lying between the soft palate and upper portion of teh epiglottis. 

(or-oh-FAIR-inks)

Lymphatic tissue located in teh depression of the mucous membrane of fauces (the constricted opening leading from the mouth and the oral phyarynx) and the pharynx

(PAL-ah-tyne TON-sills)

Hollow areas or cavities within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity. 

(pair-ah-NAY-sal SIGH-nuss-ez)

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the ribs

(pay-RYE-eh-tal PLOO-rah)

Passageway for air from nasal cavity to larynx and food from mouth to esophagus. Serves botht the respiratory and digestive systems; the throat. 

(FAIR-inks)

The nerve known as the motor nerve to the diaphragm

(FREN-ic nerve)

The doulbe-folded membrane that lines the thoracic cavity

(PLOO-rah)

The space that separates the visceral and parietal pleurae, which contains a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant to the pleural surfaces during respiration.

(PLOO-ral space)

Pulmonary Parenchyma 

The functional units of the lungs (ex. the alveoli) which have very thin walls that allow for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

(PULL-mon-air-ee par-EN-kih-mah)

A wall dividing two cavities

(SEP-tum)

Substance coughed up from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea that is expelled though the muoth; sputum is not the same as saliva, which is secreted by the salivary glands

(SPEW-tum)

The chest; that part of the body between the base of the neck and the diaphragm

(THOH-raks)

A cylinder-shaped tube lined with rings of cartilage (to keep it open) that is 4.5 in long, from teh larynx  to the bronchial tubes; the windpipe 

(TRAY-kee-ah)

Portion of the pleura that is the closest to the internal organs 

(VISS-er-al PLOO-rah)

is a temporary cessation of breating; "without breathing"

(AP-nee-ah)

Abnormally slow breathing

(brad-ip-NEE-ah)

Difficulty in speaking; hoarseness

(diss-FOH-nee-ah)

Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, soemtimes accompanied by pain. 

(disp-NEE-ah)

Hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed

(ep-ih-STAKS-is)

The act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs. 

(ex-pek-toh-RAY-shun)

is expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs

(hee-MOP-tih-sis)

Increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

(high-per-KAP-nee-ah)

Insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood

(high-pox-EE-mee-ah)

Deficiency of oxygen

(high-POX-ee-ah)

Kussmaul Respiration

are a very deep, gasping type of respiration associated with severe diabetic acidosis

(KOOS-mowl)

Respiratory condition in which there is discomfort in breathing in any but erect, sitting or standing position

(or-THOP-nee-ah)

Friction rub caused by inflammation of the pleural space. 

(PLOO-ral rub) 

An abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by passage of air thorugh bronchi that contain secretion or exudate or that are constricted by spasm or a thickening of their walls, also known as crackle

(RALZ)

is thin, watery discharge from the nose 

(rye-noh-REE-ah)

Rales or rattleings in the throat, especially when it resembles snoring

(RONG-kigh)

to expel air forcibly through the nose and mouth by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of expiration due to irritation of nasal mucosa

Harsh sound during respiration; high-pitched and resembling the blowing of wind, due to obstruction of air passages

(STRIGH-dor)

Abnormal rapidity of breathing

(tak-ip-NEE-ah)

A whistling sound or sighing sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway 

(HWEEZ) 

is inflammation of the respiratry mucous membranes, known as rhinitis or the common cold. The term common cold is usually used when referring to symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. 

(kor-RYE-zuh)

A childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, tachypnea, inspiratory stridor, and laryngeal spasm

(KROOP)

Serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx, usually resulting in sore throat, dysphonia, and fever. The disease is caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacterium, which forms a white coating over the affected airways as it multiplies. 

(diff-THEER-ree-uh)

Inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in dysphonia (hoarseness), cough, and difficulty swallowing. 

(lair-in-JYE-tis)

An acute upper respiratory infectious idsease caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacterium; "whooping cough." 

(per-TUH-sis)

Inflammation of teh pharynx, usually resulting in sore throat.

(fair-in-JYE-tis)

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually resulting in obstructin of the nasal passages, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and facial pressure or pain, aslo known as coryza

(ryn-NYE-tis)

Inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus 

(sigh-nus-EYE-tis)

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils, located in the area of the oropharynx

(ton-sill-EYE-tis)

Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection that usually invovles the lower portion of the lung. 

(brong-key-EK-tah-sis)

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. Infection is often preceded by the common cold. 

(brong-KIGH-tis)

A malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi; lung cancer

(brong-koh-JEN-ic car-sin-OH-mah)

A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increase beyond the normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, either from dilation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls

(em-fih-SEE-mah)

Pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax); usually the result of a primary infecion in the lungs

(em-pye-EE-mah)

Also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the premature infant

It is severe impairment of the function of respiration in the premature newborn. This condition is rarely present in a newborn of greather than 37 weeks' gestation or in one weighing at least 5 lbs. 

(HIGH-ah-lighn membrane dih-ZEEZ)

A highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract transmitted by airborne droplet infection; also known as the flue. Influenza can occur in isolated cases or can be epidemic. The incubation period is usually one to three days after exposure. 

(in-floo-EN-zah)

A localized collection of pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have migrated to the area to fight infection.

(lung AB-sess)

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, resulting in compression of the underlying portion of the lung, with resultant dyspnea. 

(PLOO-ral eh-FYOO-zhun)

Pleuritis

(pleurisy)

Inflammation of both the visceral and prietal pleura

(ploor-EYE-tis) (PLOOR-ih-see)

Inflammation of the lungs caused primarily primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants

(new-MOH-nee-ah)

A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. The air enters as the result of a perforation through the chest wall or the pleura covering the lung (visceral pleura), causing the lung to collapse 

(new-moh-THOH-racks)

The obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus (clot) that dislodges from another location and is carried through the venous system to the vessels of the lung 

Polmonary Heart Disease 

(Cor Pulmonale)

is hypertrophy of the right ventricel of the heart resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest wall; heart failure resulting from pulmonary disease.

(cor pull-mon-ALL-ee)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

(SIDS)

The completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virutally well, infant. SIDS, also known as crib death, is the most common cause of death between the second week and first year of life. 

An infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis tubercle bacillus and characterized by inflammatory infiltrations, formation of tubercles, and caseous (cheeselike) necrosis in the tissues of the lungs. Other organ systems may also be infected. 

(too-ber-kyoo-LOH-sis)

is the accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing smoke or coal dust; also called coal worker's pneumoconiosis

(an-thrah-KOH-sis)

is a lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles 

(as-beh-STOH-sis)

is a lung disease resulting from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust, characterized by formation of small nodules.

(sill-ih-KOH-sis)

is the examinaiton of the interior of the bronchi using a lighted, flexible tube known as a bronchoscope (or endoscope). 

(brong-KOSS-koh-pee)

is the examination of the interior of the larynx using a lighted, flexible tube known as a laryngoscope (or endoscope)

(lar-in-GOSS-koh-pee)

Physicians use this variety of tests to assess respiratory function

A specimen of material expectorated from the mouth. If produced after a cough, it may contain (inaddition to saliva) material from the throat and bronchi

(SPEW-tum specimen)

involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

(thoh-rah-sen-TEE-SIS)

surgical removal of the palatine tonsils

(ton-sill-ECK-toh-mee)

The tuberculin skin test is used to determine past or present tuberculosis infection present in the body. This is based on a positive skin reaction to the introduciton of a purified protein derivative (PPD) of the tubercle bacilli, called tuberculin, into the skin

(too-BER-kew-lin)