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n700 individual muscles
nContribution to homeostasis:
qStabilizes body position
qProduces movements
qRegulates organ volume
qMoves substances within the body
qProduces heat |
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| The Muscular System does is what and does what? |
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| cause movements by exerting force on tendons, which pulls on bones or other structures |
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| pulls one of the articulating bones toward the other |
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| When a skeletal muscle contracts it |
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| One bone remains stationary or near its original position; the attachment of a tendon to the stationary bone is called the |
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| The attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone is called the |
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| Fleshy portion of muscle between the tendons is called the |
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qBiceps brachii flexes the forearm at elbow joint, but its belly lies over the humerus, not the forearm |
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nOften muscles that move a particular body part do NOT cover that body part. |
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| opposing (antagonistic) pairs at joints (e.g., flexors vs. extensors, abductors-adductors, etc.). |
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| Most skeletal muscles are arranged in |
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usually result from several skeletal muscles acting as a group |
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| the prime mover or agonist (leader) |
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| muscle that contracts to cause the action |
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| muscle that stretches and yields to the effects of the agonist. |
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located on opposite sides of the bone or joint
qEx. Flex the forearm at the elbow
nBiceps brachii is the prime mover
Triceps brachii is the antagonist
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| Prime mover and antagonist are usually located on |
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| To prevent unwanted movements at other joints or to otherwise aid the movement of the agonist, muscles called ? contract and stabilize intermediate joints. |
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| are usually located close to the prime mover |
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| which stabilize the origin of the prime mover so the prime mover can act more efficiently |
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| steady the proximal end of a limb while movements occur at the distal end |
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nprime movers, antagonists, synergists, or fixators! |
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| Depending upon the movement required, muscles may act as |
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| moves a bone closer to the midline |
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| of a muscle are the main movements that occur during contraction e.g. flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, etc. |
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| Nerve or nerves that cause contraction of each muscle |
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| arise from lower part of brain, innervate muscles in the head region. |
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| arise from spinal cord within the vertebral column, innervate muscles in the rest of the body. |
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qOccipitofrontalis (frontal belly)
qOrbicularisoculi
qOrbicularisoris
Zygomaticus major |
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nMuscles of facial expression |
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nMuscles of facial expression |
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qLie within the subcutaneous layer
qUsually originate in the fascia or skull bones & insert into the skin. |
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| Scapular movements increase the range of motion of the |
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| scapula so it can function as a stable origin for the muscles that move the humerus. |
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| Muscles that move the pectoral girdle must do so by stabilizing the |
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| scapular movements accompanying those of the humeruse.g. raising your arm above the head. |
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| Many humeral movements would not be possible without |
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| muscle gives the rounded contour of the shoulder |
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qSubscapularis
qSupraspinatus
qInfraspinatus
qTeres minor |
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| They form the rotator cuff |
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| a nearly complete circle of tendons around the shoulder joint, like the cuff on a shirtsleeve. |
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| The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are |
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qHelp contain and protect the abdominal viscera
qFlex, laterally flex, and rotate vertebral column at intervertebral joints
qCompress abdomen during forced exhalation
qProduce force required for defecation, urination and childbirth
nExternal oblique
nRectus abdominis |
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nAs a group, the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall: |
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| Most muscles that move the femur originate on |
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Most muscles that move the femur insert on
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| stability, locomotion, and maintenance of posture |
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Lower limb muscles function in |
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| upper limb muscles are characterized by |
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qGluteus maximus
qTensor fasciae latae
qAdductor longus |
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| Muscles of the Gluteal Region that Move the Femur |
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nSartorius, Quadriceps femoris group: 4 muscles, nHamstring group: 3 muscles |
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| Muscles of the Thigh That Move the Femur (Thigh) and Tibia/Fibula (Leg) |
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qRectus femoris
qVastuslateralis
qVastusmedialis
qVastusintermedius |
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qBiceps femoris
qSemiendinosus
qSemimembranosus |
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nTibialis anterior
nGastrocnemius
Soleus |
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| Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot |
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