Term
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Definition
| mineral salts (sodium, potassium, ad calcium) that carry an electrical charge in solution. A proper balance of electrolytes is essential to the normal functioning of the entire body, but especially nerves, muscles, and heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli of the kidney. Filtrate is similar to plasma but with far less protein. Urine is formed from filtrate |
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Term
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Definition
| Products of cellular metabolism that contain nitrogen. Nitrogenous wastes include urea, uric acid, creatine, cratinine, and ammonia. |
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquid portion of blood, composed primarily of water (90%), and containing dissolved proteins, nutrients, lipids, and various waste products |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid containing sperm and secretions from the prostate and other structures of the male reproductive system. also called seminal fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate. Testosterone is also responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics (musculature, hair patterns, thickened vocal cords, and so forth). |
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Term
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Definition
| outer section of the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| contains portions of the microscopic filtering units of the kidney called nephrons |
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Term
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Definition
| an opening through which the renal artery enters and the renal vein exits the kidney (renal artery carries blood that contains waste products to the nephrons for filtering. Adter waste products are removed, blood leaves the kidney by way of the renal vein). |
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Term
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Definition
| Waste material in the form of urine passes through this hollow chamber. THis cavity is formed where the ureter merges with the kidney. Each ureter is about 10-12 inches long carry urine in peristaltic waves to the bladder. Urine enters the bladder at the ureteral orifice. |
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Term
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Definition
| hollow expandable fu that acts as a temp. reservoir for urine. has small folds called rugae that expand as the bladder fills. A triangular area at the base of the bladder called the trigone is delineated by the openings of the ureters and the urethra. Base of trigone forms the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| discharges urine from the bladder. Aprroximately 1.5 inches in women and 7-8 inches in men. In men, the urethra passes through the prostate gland and the penis. During micturition, urine is expelled from the body through the urethral opening called the urinary meatus. |
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Term
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Definition
| renal corpuscle- composed of a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus and a modified , elnarged extension of the renal tubule known as the Bowman capsule that ecapsulates the glomerulus. A larger afferent arteriole carries blood to the glomerulus, and a smaller efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus. The difference in the size of these vessels provides the needed pressure to force blood plams into Bowman capsule. once this happens. the fluid is no longer plama, but is called filtrate. As the effernt arteriole passes behind the renal corpuscle, it forms the peritubular cappilaries. Each renal tubule consists of 4 sections; the proximal convoluted tubule, followed by the the narrow loop of Henle, longer distal tubule, and the collecting tubule. which transports newly formed urine to the renal pelvis for excretion by the kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Filtration: occurs in the renal corpuscle where plasma containing water, electrolyes, sugar and other small molecules is forced from the blood witini the glomerulus into the Bowman capsule to form filtrate.
2. Reabsorption: begins as filtrate travels through the long, twisted pathway of the tubule. Most of the water and some of the electrolyes and amino acids are returned to the peritubular capillaries and reenter the circultating blood
3. Secretion: final stage of urine formation. Substances are actively secreted from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate in the renal tubules. Waste products, such as ammonia, uric acid, and metabolic products, such as ammonia, uric acid, and metabolic products of medications are secreted into the filtrate to be eliminated in the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
bladder
i.e. cystoscope
i.e. vesicocele: Herbia of the bladder, also called a cystocels. With a vesicocele, the baldder herniates into the vaginal wall, which may lead to incomplete emptying of the bladder |
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Term
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Definition
gomerulus
i.e. glomerulopathy: disease of the glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
Stone, calculus
i.e. lithotripsy: crushing of a stone. the most common method of lithotripsy is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). when stones are large or ESWL is not recommended, percutaneous nephrolithotomy or ureteroscopic stone removal are alternate methods of treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
opening, meatus.
meatotomy: incision of the meatus.
A meatotomy is performed to relieve stenosis of the urethra, which may inhibit the proper passage of urine or semen. |
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Term
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Definition
kidney
i.e. nephropexy: fixation of kidney |
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Term
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Definition
renal pelvis.
i.e. pyloplasty |
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Term
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Definition
urine, urinary tract.
urolith: stone in urinary tract |
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Term
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Definition
ureter.
i.e. ureterectasis: dilation of the ureter |
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Term
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Definition
male
i.e. androgenic: pertaining to maleness. Androgenic hormones include all natural or synthetic compounds that stimulate or maintain male characteristics. The most common androgenic hormone is testosterone. |
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Term
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Definition
glans penis.
i.e. balanoplasty |
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Term
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Definition
epididymis
i.e. epidiymotomy |
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Term
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o |
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Definition
testis (plural, testes)
i.e. orchitis, orchialgia
orchidoptosis (Downward displacement of testes)
testectomy (excision of a testis) |
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Term
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Definition
perineum (area between scrotum or vulva in the female and anus)
i.e. perineal |
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Term
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Definition
| prostate gland. I.e. protatomegaly: enlargement of the prostate gland |
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Term
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Definition
spematozoa, sperm cells.
i.e. spermatocele: swelling containing spermatozoa. A spermatocele is usually an epiididymal cyst commonly containing sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
| spermic: pertaining to sperm cells |
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Term
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Definition
dilated vein
i.e.: varicocele: swelling of a dilated vein. Varicocele is a dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord, the structure that supports the testicles. |
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Term
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Definition
vessel; vas deferens; duct
vasectomy: removal of all or part of the vas deferns.
Blateral vasectomy is a surgical procedure to produce sterility in males. |
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Term
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Definition
seminal vesicle
i.e. vesiculitis: inflammation of the seminal vesicle. |
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Term
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Definition
albumin, protein
albuminoid: resembling albumin. |
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Term
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Definition
nitrogenous compounds
i.e. azotemia: nitrogenous compounds in the blood. Nitrogenous products, especially urea, are toxic. If they are not removed from the body, death will result. |
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Term
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Definition
bacteria (singular, bacterium)
i.e. bacteriuria: bacteria in the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
hidden
i.e. cryptorchidism: condition of hidden testes; also called cryptorchism.
Cryptorchidism is the failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum; usually a congenital disorder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
potassium: hypokalemia: abnormally low concentration of potassium in the blood
Hypokalemia may result from excessive urination, which deplets potassium from the body. |
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Term
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Definition
ketone bodies (acids and acetones).
i.e. ketonuria: presence of ketone bodies in the urine.
Ketonuria is commonly found in diabetes mellitus, starvation, and excessive dieting. |
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Term
|
Definition
night
i.e. nocturia: associated with prostate disease, UTI, and uncontrolled diabetes. |
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Term
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Definition
scanty
i.e. oligospermia: scanty (decreased production of sperm |
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Term
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Definition
pus.
pyorrhea: flow or discharge of pus. |
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Term
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Definition
killing
spermicide: agents that kill sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
forming, producing, origing.
i.e. lithogenesis: forming or producing stones. |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal condition (produced by something specific)
lithiasis: abnormal condition of |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal condition, produced by something specific)
i.e. lithiasis: abnormal condition of stones or calculi |
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Term
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Definition
condition
i.e. anorchism: condition without testes. Anorchism is the congenital or acquired absence of one or both testes. |
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Term
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Definition
slit/fissure
hypospadias. a fissure under the penis.
hypospadias is a congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the glans penis instead of the tip. |
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Term
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Definition
urine
i.e. polyuria. Polyuria is generally considered to be the excretion of over 2.5 liters per 24 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
through, across
dialysis: separation across
Renal dialysis is a procedure that uses a membrane to separate and selectively remove waste products from blood when kidneys are unable to complete this function |
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Term
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Definition
backward, behind
retroperitoneal: pt behind the peritoneum. |
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Term
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Definition
| i.e. kidney infection, or complicated urinary tract infection. Bacteria invade the renal pelvis and kidney tissue, commonly as a result of a bladder infection that has ascended to the kidney via the ureters. When severe, lesions form in the renal pelvis, causing bleeding. The microscopic examinations of uria show large quantities of bacteria (bacteriuria), white blood cells (pyuria), and when lesions are present, red blood cells (hematuria). s/s = pain around the kidney, dysuria, fatigue, urinary urgency and frequency, chills, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment = antibiotics. |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of glomeruli due to reaction to toxins givens off by pathogenic bacteria, especially streptococci that have recently infected another part of the body usually the throa. Associated with diabetes and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarthritis, and scleroderma.
When inflamed, glomerular membrane becomes leaky/permeable. RBC and protein pass through the glomerulus and enter the tubule. In some cases, protein solidifies in the nephron tubules and forms solid masses that take the shape of the tubules in which they develop. These masses are called casts. They commonly pass out of the kidney by way of the urine and may be visible when urine is examined microscopically. The clinical picture for glomerulonephritis includes BLOOD and protein in the urine, red cess casts, aslong with HBP, edema, and impaired renal function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stones (calculi) may form in any part of the urinary tract) urolithiasis), but most arise in the kidney (nephrolithiasis. form when dissolved urine salts begin to solidify. If they lodge in the ureters, they cause intense throbbing pain called colic. urine reflexes into the renal pelvis and tubules causing them to dialate. TX: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) |
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Term
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called nodular hyperplasia or benign prostatic hypertrophy |
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Definition
associated with aging.
As prostate gland enlarges, it decreases the urethral lumen, and complete voiding of the urine becomes difficult. Urine that remains in the bladder commonly becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. Cystitis and bephritis may result. May advance and require surgical removal of the entire prostate which is done through the perineum (perineal prostatectomy) or an abdominal opening above the pubis and directly over the bladder (suprapubic prostatectomy). These last two procdures are done wehn cancer is identified.
Less invasive = transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). A resectoscope is inserted through the urethra and a small loop "chips away" some of the obstruting tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| failure of testes to descend into the scrotal sac prior to birth. If they do not descend by 1 year old, they are surgically suspended (orchiopexy) Commonly associated with inguinal hernias -and may need to be sutured at the same time. |
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Term
| Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) |
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Definition
tubular portion of the nephron ins injured by a decreasee in blood supply (ischemic ATN)- caused by circulatory collapse, severe hypotension, hemorrhage, dehydration, or other disorders that affect blood supply. No s/s. or after the ingestion of toxic chemicals (nephrotoxic ATN)
S/S = scanty urine production (oliguria) fluid retention, mental apathy, nausea, vomiting, and increased blood levels of calcium (hypercalcemia). |
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Term
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Definition
most common form of cancer in men. Rarely found in men under age 50. Symptoms = difficulty starting uration (hesitancy) and stoppinig the urinary stream, dysuria, urinary frequency and hematuria.
txs: radical protatectomy.
Brachytherpay, radioactive "seeds" are placed directly in the malignant tissue.
External beam radiation (EBR), high energy x-ray beams are generaated by a machine and directed at the tumor from outside the body to destroy prostate tissue.
Cryosurgery. Application of extreme cold to destroy prostate tissue.
Antiandrogenic agents as well as hormones that deplete the body of testicular hormones (combined hormonal therapy) has been effective at early stages. Because prostatic cancer is stimulated by testosterone, surgical removal of the testes (bilateral orchiectomy) may be necessary. |
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Term
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Definition
| absence of urine production or urinary output. Anuruia may be obstructive, in which there is blockage proximal to the bladder, or unbostructive, which is caused by severe damage to the nephrons of the kidneys. |
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Term
|
Definition
azot: nitrogneous compounds
-emia: blood condition.
Retention of excessive amount of nitrogenous compounds (urea, creatine, and uric acid) in the blood; also called uremia. |
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Term
| bladder neck obstruction (BNO) |
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Definition
| Blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra. BNO can be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder stones, bladder tumors, or tumors in the pelvic cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| renal failure that occurs over a period of years, in which the kidneys lose their ability to maintain volume and composition of body fluids with normal dietary intake. Chronic renal failure is the result of decreased numbers of functioning nephrons in the kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
| painful or difficult urination, commonly described as a "burning sensation" while urinating. Dysuria is a symptom of numerous conditions, but most commonly, urinary tract infection (UTI) |
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Term
| end-stage renal disease (ESRD) |
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Definition
| Condition in which kidney function is permanently lost and requires dialysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence. Enuresis that occurs during the night is called nocturnal enuresis; during the day, diurnal enuresis. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another. The most common type of urinary fistula is the vesicovaginal fistula where communication occurs between the bladder and vagina. Its causes include previous pelvic surgery such as hysterectomy, difficult and prolonged labor, or reduced blood supply to the area. |
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Term
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Definition
| voiding urine at frequent intervals |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary delay in initiating urination |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract. The most common causes of hydronephrosis are BPH, urethral strictures, and calculi that lodge in the ureter and cause an obstruction. The pressure impairs, and may eventually interrupt kidney function. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin by way of urine due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Hypoproteinemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia are commonly associated with neprhotic syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive or frequent urniation after going to bed. TYpically caused by excessive fluid intake, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, UTI, prostate disease, impaired renal function, or the use of diuretics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diminished capacidty to form and pass urine, resulting in inefficient excretion of the end products of metabolism. Oliguria is usually caused by fluid and electrolyte imbalances, renal lesions, or urniary tract obstruction. |
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Term
| Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) |
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Definition
| Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys. If cysts increase in number or size or if they become infected, kidney failure may result. Dialysis or kidney transplant may be necessary for renal failure caused by PKD |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling the need to void immediately. Urinary urgency commonly ocurs in urinary tract infection (UTI) |
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Term
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Definition
vesic/o- bladder
ureter: ureter
-al: pertaining to
disorder caused by the fialure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairemnt of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter. VUR: may reult in the enlargement of the kidney (hydronephrosis) if the obstruction is in the proximal portion of the ureter or enlargement of the ureter (hydroureter and the kidney if the obstructionis in the distal portion of the ureter) |
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Term
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Definition
| rapdidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children. Diagnosis of Wilms tumor is estabilished by an excretory urogram (EU) with tomography. The tumor is well encapsulated in the early stage but may metastasize to other sites, such as lymphn nodes and lungs, at later stages |
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Term
|
Definition
| congenital absence of one or both testes; also called anorchia or anorchism. Treatment for anorchidism requires replacement of the male hormone testosterone. Boys affected with anorchidism will need testosterone for puberty to coour. |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to form or ejaculate semen. Apermia should not be confused with azoospermia, which is absence of sperm in the ejaculate |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis. Uncircumsised men with poor personal hygiene are prone to this disorder. |
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Term
|
Definition
| malformationin which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis |
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Term
| erectile dysfunction (ED) |
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Definition
| repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercousres. Any disorder that causes injury to the nerves or impairs blood flow in the penis has the potential to cause ED. |
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Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity; especially the testes and associated structures. Hydrocele is common in male newborns but usually resolves within the first year. |
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Term
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Definition
| developmental anomaly in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis, or, in extreme cases on the perineum. |
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Term
|
Definition
| stenosis or narrowing of preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| inability to produce offspring; in the male, inability to fertilize the ovum. |
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Term
|
Definition
| swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord. |
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Term
| digital rectal examination (DRE) |
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Definition
| Screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm areas that might indicate cancer. In DRE, the physician inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the recturm. In amles, the physician also evaluates the size and consistency of the prostate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra (EMG determines the whether incontinence is due to weak muscles or other cuases. |
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Term
|
Definition
| self exam of the testes for abnormal lumps or swellings in the scrotal sac. TSE is increasingly recommended by physicians to detect abnormalities, especially cancer, when the disease is easily treatable. Testicular cancer is the number one cancer killer in men 20 to 30. |
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Term
|
Definition
| endoscopy of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps. IN cytoscopy, a catheter can be inserted through the hollow channel in the cytoscope to collect tissue samples or introduce contrast media during radiography. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Endoscopy of the kidneys using a specialized, three-channel endoscope that enables visualization and irrigation of the kidney. The nephroscope is passed through a small incision made in the renal pelvis. Kidney pathology and congenital deformities may be observed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| endoscopy of the urethra using a specialized endoscope, typically for lithotripsy or TURP |
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Term
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
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Definition
| Test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample. Because urea is cleared from the bloodstream by the kidneys, the BUN test is used as an indicator of kidney function. |
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Term
| culture and sensitivity (C&S) |
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Definition
| Test that determines the causative organism of a disease and how the organism responds to various antibiotics. C&S tests are performed on urine, blood, and body secretions. |
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Term
| prostate specific antigen (PSA) |
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Definition
| blood test used to detecct prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer. PSA is a substance produced by the prostate and is normally found in a blood sample in small quantities. the level is elevated in prostatits, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and tumors of the prostate. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy. |
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Term
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Definition
| battery of tests performed on a urine specimen, including physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation. UA not only provides information on the urinary structures but may also be the first indicator of such system disorders as diabetes and liver and gallbladder disease. |
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Term
computed tomography (CT)
tom/o: to cut |
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Definition
| Imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles. In the genitourinary system, CTs are used to diagnose tumors,cysts, inflammation, abscesses, perforation, bleeding, and obstrucitons of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. |
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Term
|
Definition
| radiographic examination of the urinary bladder using a contrast medium. Cystography is used to diagnose tumors or defects in the bladder wall, vesicoureteral reflux, stones, or other pathological conditions of the bladder. |
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Term
cystometrography
cyst/o- bladder
metr/o: uterus; measure
-graphy: process |
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Definition
Procedure that assesses volume and pressure in the bladder at various stages of filling using saline and a contrast medium introduced into the bladder through a catheter.
Cystometrography is the primary test used to investigate stress incontinence and urge incontinence. |
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Term
| intravenous pyelography (IVP) |
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Definition
Radiographic examination of the kidneys and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography (EU)
IVP detects kidney stones, enlarged prostate, internal injuries after an accidnet or trauma, and tumors in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. |
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Term
| kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)radiography |
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Definition
| Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, and shape of the kidneys in relationship to other organs in the abdominopelvic cavity and to identify abnormalities of the urinary system. KUB radiography identifies stones and calcified areas and does not require a contrast medium. |
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Term
|
Definition
Radiology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and a specialized camera, which acts as a radiation detector, produces images by recording the emitted tracers.
Renal nuclears scan: Imaging test where a monitor is used to track a radioactive substance as it passes through the kidney. |
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Term
|
Definition
Radiography that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) and displays the reflected echoes on a monitor; also called sonography, echography, or echo.
Scrotal US. used to assess scrotal structures and patency of the vas deferens. |
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Term
| voiding cystourethrography |
|
Definition
| Radiological examination of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging. VCUG is performed to determine the cause of repeated bladder infections or stress incontinence and to identify congenital or acquired structural abnormalities of the bladder and urethra. |
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Term
|
Definition
| medical procedure used to filter toxic substances from the patient's bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes. Dialysis provides a means of removing waste products from the blood when kidneys no longer funciton. Nitrogenosu waste products are collected in a solution called dialysate, which is discarded at the end of the procedure. There are two primary methods of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body; passing it through an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered and then returning the dialyzed blood to the patient's body. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution. In peritoneal dialysis, the lining of the peritoneal cavity is used as the dialyzing membrane. Dialyzing fluid remains in the peritoneal cavity for 1-2 hours and then is removed. The procedure is repeated as often as necessary. |
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Term
|
Definition
| removal of all or part of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis |
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Term
|
Definition
| fixation of a floating or mobile kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
| removal of one or both testes; also called orchiectomy. Orcidectomy may be indicated for serious disease or injury to the testis or to control cancer of the prostate by removing a source of androgenic hormones. |
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Term
| Transurethral resection of the prostate |
|
Definition
| Surgical procedure that involves inserting a resectoscope into the urethra to "chip away" at the prostate gland to remove the obstruction and flushing out the chips and sending them for analysis to detect possible evidence of cnacer. TURP is used most commonly to relieve obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Because the prostate gland is not completely removed, remaining tissue eventually grows back, and may cause obstruction again at a later time. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Incision of a urethral stricture. Urethotomy corrects constrictions of the urethra that make voiding difficult. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of all or a segment of the vas deferns. Bilateral vasectomy is the most successful method of male contraception. Although the procedure is considered permanent, with advances in microsurgery, vasectomy is sometimes reversible. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes. The type of antibiotic prescribed depends on the infecting organism and the type and extent of inrection. (i.e. ciprofloxzcin - Cipro; sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim - Bactrim |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder. Bladder spasms can result from such conditions as urinary tract infections and catheterization. (i.e. oxybutynin - ditropan) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| promote and increase the excretion of urine. Diuretics are grouped by their action and are used to treat edema, hypertension, heart failure, and various renal and hepatic diseases. (i.e. furosemide - Lasix; spironolactone - Aldactone) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Replace potassium due to depletion caused by diuretics. Dietary sources of potassium are usually not sufficient to replace potassium loss caused by diuretics. i.e. potassium chloride, K-tab, Kaon Cl |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| increase testosterone levels. Androgens are used to correct hormone deficiency in hypogonadism and treat delayed puberty in males. (i.e. testosterone base - androderm, testim... testosterone cypionate - depro-testosterone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Treat erectile dysfunction (impotence) by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection. Anti-impotence drugs should not be used by patients with coronary artery disease or hypertension - i.e. sildenafil citrate - Viagra; vardenafil - Levitra. |
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Term
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Definition
AGN: acute glomerulonephritis
ARF: acuter renal failure
ATN: acute tubular necrosis
BNO: bladder neck obstruction
BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia
benign prostatic hypertrophy
BUN: blood urea nitrogen
C&S: culture and sensitivity
Cath: catheterization; catheter
CT: computed tomography
cysto: cystoscopy
DRE: digital rectal examination
EBT: external beam therapy
ED: erectile dysfunction
emergency department
EMG: electromyogram, electromyography
ESRD: end-stage renal disease
ESWL: extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
EU: excretory urography
GU: genitourinary
HD: hemodialysis; hip disarticulation; hearing distance
HTN: hypertension
IVP: intravenous pyelogram, intravenous pyelography
K: potassium
KUM: kidney; ureter, bladder
Na: sodium (an electrolyte)
PCNL: percutaneous nephrolithotomy
pH: symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity
PKD: polycystic kidney disease
PSA: prostate-specific antigen
RP: retrograde pyelogram, retrograde pyelography
sp. gr. : specific gravity
TSE: testicular self-exam
TURP: transurethral resection of the prostate
UA: urinalysis
UTI: urinary tract infection
VCUG: voiding cystourethrography prostate |
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