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Chapter 11 Flashcards
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Social Work
7th Grade
05/24/2011

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Term
rationalism
Definition
This is the belief that
reason is the chief source of knowledge.
Term
scientific method
Definition
an orderly way of collecting and
analyzing evidence.
Term
theory
Definition
an explanation of how or
why something happens.
Term
hypothesis
Definition
an explanation of the facts.
Term
Ptolemy
Definition
stated that the sun and the planets
moved around the earth in circular paths.
Term
Copernicus
Definition
In 1543 this man released
a book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly
Spheres. He disagreed with Ptolemy’s view
that the earth was the center of the universe
Term
Kepler
Definition
He supported Copernicus’s theory but
also made corrections to it.
Term
Galileo
Definition
believed that new
knowledge could come through experiments
that were carefully carried out.
Term
Newton
Definition
the ideas of
Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo needed to be
brought together as one system. This feat was
accomplished by this mathmatishion.
Term
Descartes
Definition
One of the most
important scientific thinkers,wrote a book called Discourse on
Method.
Term
natural law
Definition
a law that
applied to everyone and could be understood
by reason.
Term
social contract
Definition
an agreement between
rulers and the people.
Term
separation of powers
Definition
means that power is
divided among the branches of government:
executive, legislative, and judicial.
Term
Thomas Hobbes
Definition
wrote about English government
and society
Term
John Locke
Definition
contradicted Hobbes. Locke used natural law to affirm basic democratic ideas such as citizens’ rights and the need for government to be answerable to the people.
Term
Baron Montesquieu
Definition
a French thinker, published a
book called The Spirit of Laws.
Term
Voltaire
Definition
Born in a middle-class family,wrote
many novels, plays, letters, and essays that
brought him fame and wealth
Term
Denis Diderot
Definition
was the French philosophe who did
the most to spread Enlightenment ideas.
Term
Mary Wollstonecraft
Definition
this lady sought to eliminate inequality in
education between men and women.
Term
absolutism
Definition
In this system, monarchs
held absolute, or total, power.
Term
representative government
Definition
a government in which
people elect representatives to make laws
and conduct government.
Term
constitution
Definition
written plans of government.
Term
popular sovereignty
Definition
the idea that government receives its powers
from the people.
Term
estate
Definition
The French people were divided into
three (blank) or classes
Term
bourgeoisie
Definition
the middle
classes.
Term
Louis XIV
Definition
came
to the throne. As king, this man was the
most celebrated absolute monarch.
Term
Frederick II
Definition
ruled from 1740 to 1786. As
Prussia’s king, he strengthened the
army and fought wars to gain new territory
for Prussia.
Term
Catherine II
Definition
came to the throne of Russia Early in her reign,
this women was devoted to Enlightenment
ideas.
Term
George Washington
Definition
named head of a new colonial
army.
Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition
the Congress issued the Declaration
of Independence. Written by this man of Virginia
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