Solute + Solvent

Solute: The chemical being dissolved

Solvent: The "base substance," Majority component.

*Note: Water is almost always the solvent, regardless of how much is being put in.*

Molarity - 1 liter of solution

Molality - 1 kg of solvent

% by mass - 100 g of solution

Properties of liquids that change when adding a dissolved solute (Ex: Salt on ice)

1.Vapor Pressure_solution = Mole fraction_solvent + Presure_solvent

2. Boiling point rises

3. Freezing point lowers

ΔT = iKm

i = number of ions (nonelectrolytes, i=1)

K = constant

m = molality

Osmotic Pressure

(formula)

∏=MRT

∏ - osmotic pressure

M - molarity

R=K

kt = [A₀] - [A]

R=K [A]²

kt= (1/A)-(1/A₀)

R=k[A]

kt = ln(A₀/A)

K = A e^-E_a/RT

or

ln k = ln A - E_a/RT

Osmotic pressure

(define)

VP_solution = (X_solute)(P_puresolute)

X = (moles of solute)/(moles of solute+moles of solvent)