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chapter 11-12
chapter 11-12
53
Science
11th Grade
01/06/2009

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Term

arête

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Definition
a sharp rugged mountain ridge, produced by glaciation.
Term

calving

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Definition

(of a glacier, an iceberg, etc.) to break up or splinter so as to produce a detached piece.

Term

cirque

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Definition
a bowl-shaped, steep-walled mountain basin carved by glaciation, often containing a small, round lake.
Term

continental glacier

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Definition
 
a glacier that spreads out from a central mass of ice 
Term

crevasses

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Definition
A deep fissure, as in a glacier; a chasm.
Term

drumlins

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Definition
An elongated hill or ridge of glacial drift.
Term

erratics

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Definition
Geology. noting or pertaining to a boulder or the like carried by glacial ice and deposited some distance from its place of origin.
Term

eskers

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Definition
 A long, narrow ridge of coarse gravel deposited by a stream flowing in or under a decaying glacial ice sheet. Also called os3.
Term

firn

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Definition
 n. use of firn last year's, old; c. OE fyrn former, ancient, Goth fairneis; akin to ON forn ancient.
Term
glacial trough

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Definition
The erosive action of the glacier and of the debris carried by it results in the formation not only of the trough itself but also of a number of associated features, such as hanging valleys (smaller glacial valleys that enter the trough at a higher level than the trough floor).
Term

glacier

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Definition

an extended mass of ice formed from snow falling and accumulating over the years and moving very slowly, either descending from high mountains, as in valley glaciers, or moving outward from centers of accumulation, as in continental glaciers.

Term

horn

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Definition
a pyramidal mountain peak, esp. one having concave faces carved by glaciation.
Term

ice caps

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Definition

An extensive dome-shaped or platelike perennial cover of ice and snow that spreads out from a center and covers a large area, especially of land.

Term

ice front

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Definition
the forward section or seaward edge of an ice shelf.
Term

ice sheet

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Definition
a glacier covering a large fraction of a continent.
Term

kames

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Definition
  A short ridge or mound of sand and gravel deposited during the melting of glacial ice.
Term

kettles

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Definition
Geology A depression left in a mass of glacial drift, formed by the melting of an isolated block of glacial ice.
Term

moraine

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Definition
a ridge, mound, or irregular mass of unstratified glacial drift, chiefly boulders, gravel, sand, and clay.
Term

nunataks

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Definition
a hill or mountain that has been completely encircled by a glacier.
Term

outwash

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Definition
the material, chiefly sand or gravel, deposited by meltwater streams in front of a glacier.
Term

outwash plains

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Definition
Information about aretes and pyramidal peaks. Material that was already deposited by older streams and ice activity may be reworked and sorted by the streams forming the outwash plain, and carried beyond the original maximum extent of the ice sheet / glacier.
Term

roches moutonnees

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Definition
An elongate mound of bedrock worn smooth and rounded by glacial abrasion.
Term

rock flour

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Definition
finely ground rock material produced by the grinding action of a glacier on its bed.
Also called glacier
Term

snow line

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Definition
the line, as on mountains, above which there is perpetual snow
Term

striations

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Definition
One of a number of parallel lines or scratches on the surface of a rock that were inscribed by rock fragments embedded in the base of a glacier as it moved across the rock.
Term

till

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Definition
up to the time of; until: to fight till death.
Term

valley glacier

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Definition
Bucher Glacier, a typical valley - or mountain or alpine - glacier. Pictured is Bucher Glacier, an outlet glacier of the Juneau Icefield in southeastern Alaska. The dark stripes on the ice are medial moraines, and the wavelike forms along the center are called ogives
Term

atoll

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Definition
a ring-shaped coral reef or a string of closely spaced small coral islands, enclosing or nearly enclosing a shallow lagoon.
Term

backwash

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Definition
Nautical. water thrown backward by the motion of oars, propellers, paddle wheels, etc.
Term

barrier island

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Definition
a broadened barrier beach, habitable in places, that provides a measure of protection for the mainland, as during hurricanes and tidal waves.
Term

barrier reef

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Definition
a reef of coral running roughly parallel to the shore and separated from it by a wide, deep lagoon.
Term

beach

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Definition
 an expanse of sand or pebbles along a shore.
Term

blowouts

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Definition
  1. A sudden rupture or bursting, as of an automobile tire.
  2. The hole made by such a rupture.
Term

corals

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Definition
  1. A rocklike deposit consisting of the calcareous skeletons secreted by various anthozoans. Coral deposits often accumulate to form reefs or islands in warm seas.
  2. Any of numerous chiefly colonial marine polyps of the class Anthozoa that secrete such calcareous skeletons.
  3. The red-orange, pinkish, or white deposits secreted by corals of the genus Corallium, used to make jewelry and ornaments.
  4. An object made of this material.
Term

deflation

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Definition
the act of deflating or the state of being deflated.
Term

desert pavement

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Definition
A desert pavement is a desert surface that is covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size.
Term

dune

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Definition
a sand hill or sand ridge formed by the wind, usually in desert regions or near lakes and oceans.
Term

dust storm

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Definition
a storm of strong winds and dust-filled air over an extensive area during a period of drought over normally arable land (distinguished from sandstorm ).
Term

fetch

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Definition
a.an area where ocean waves are being generated by the wind.
b.the length of such an area.
Term

fiord

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Definition
a long, narrow arm of the sea bordered by steep cliffs: usually formed by glacial erosion.
Term

fringing reef

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Definition
a coral reef close to and along the land.
Term

lagoon 

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Definition
an area of shallow water separated from the sea by low sandy dunes.
Term

loess

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Definition
a loamy deposit formed by wind, usually yellowish and calcareous, common in the Mississippi Valley and in Europe and Asia.
Term

longshore current

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Definition
Explains littoral transport, longshore current, and beach drift. Two graphics (one animated). Longshore Current and Beach Drift A shoreline is not static. As waves appoach shore and "feel the bottom", water piles up and breakers form (see "Waves").
Term

period

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Definition
any specified division or portion of time: poetry of the period from 1603 to 1660.
Term

refraction

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Definition
Physics. the change of direction of a ray of light, sound, heat, or the like, in passing obliquely from one medium into another in which its wave velocity is different.
Term

rip current

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Definition
under tow
Term

sandbarwave height

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Definition
This will include details on how waves form, how swells develop, swell direction, wave height, wave speed, wave duration (period) , the influence of bottom contours, tides and what information is available to us all to help with our own wave forecasting.
Term

sea cliff

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Definition
cliff by the sea
Term

swash

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Definition
to splash, as things in water, or as water does: Waves were swashing against the piers.
Term

tsunami

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Definition
A very large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption.
Term

ventifact

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Definition
a pebble or cobble that has been faceted, grooved, and polished by the erosive action of wind-driven sand.
Term

wavelength

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Definition
Physics. the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterized by the same phase of oscillation.
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